Castle Rock and Mount St. Helens: An RVer’s Guide from Toutle River RV Resort

Using Toutle River RV Resort as a base camp, explore the best of southwest Washington. From the small-town charm of Castle Rock and the wetlands of Seaquest State Park to the dramatic landscapes of Mount St. Helens, this guide highlights scenic drives, hiking trails, wildlife viewing, and RV-friendly adventures between Seattle and Portland.

If you’re cruising along Interstate 5 between Portland and Seattle, your mind might be focused on hitting the city highlights—the Seahawks game in Seattle, a ferry to the San Juan Islands, or a hike through the lush forests of the Pacific Northwest. But hidden along the freeway is a true gem: the town of Castle Rock, Washington. Quaint, colorful, and full of outdoor adventures, it’s the perfect stop to slow down, reconnect with nature, and explore the iconic Mount St. Helens.

As an RVer, I’ve found that Toutle River RV Resort just a few minutes north of downtown Castle Rock is an ideal base camp. Nestled along the Cowlitz River, the park offers shaded pull-throughs, full hookups, and easy access to all the outdoor experiences the area has to offer. From here, your RV becomes a mobile home and adventure hub all at once.

Toutle River RV Resort © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Castle Rock: A hidden gem along the I-5 corridor

Your perfect pause between Portland and Seattle

Stepping off the highway into Castle Rock feels like hitting the pause button on the hustle of travel. With a population of just under 2,500, the town is a surprise: boutique shops, local eateries, and streets awash with flowers planted by the volunteer-led Bloom Team. Walking through downtown it’s easy to lose track of time soaking in the vibrant colors and small-town charm.

The town’s seven parks make it clear that outdoor life is central to the Castle Rock experience. At The Rock Community Park, the 190-foot outcropping for which the city is named towers above the picnic tables and trails while Lion’s Pride Park connects to the 1.7-mile Riverfront Trail along the Cowlitz River—a perfect stroll after a day of driving.

Silver Lake Wetland Haven Trail, Seaquest State Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Seaquest State Park: A hiker and angler’s paradise

A haven for hikers, campers, and wildlife lovers

Just off the I-5 corridor lies a corner of Washington that many travelers overlook. Using Castle Rock as a convenient stopping point, you’ll find yourself within easy reach of Seaquest State Park and the unforgettable landscapes shaped by Mount St. Helens.

With miles of hiking and biking trails weaving through forests, wetlands, and volcanic landscapes this stretch of southwest Washington is a paradise for anyone who loves exploring on foot or by bike.

The Silver Lake Wetland Haven Trail gives visitors a raised boardwalk/and gravel-trail loop through wetlands, marsh, and shoreline with views of water, wildlife (birds, waterfowl), and sometimes even glimpses of Mount St. Helens in the distance. The trail begins close to the parking/visitor-center area making it easy to access without long hikes. The boardwalk + wetland loop is relatively flat and suitable even for a casual stroll making it ideal if you want a shorter walk rather than a full hike.

Silver Lake tucked inside the park offers calm waters perfect for a quiet morning paddle. As mist drifts across the surface, the only sounds are birdsong and the gentle dip of a kayak blade—an easy place to slow down and enjoy the stillness.

For RV travelers, Seaquest offers tent sites, yurts, and RV sites including full and partial hookups—making it flexible whether you’re traveling light or pulling a full rig.

The Mount St. Helens Visitor Center located within the park is an essential stop for anyone wanting to truly understand the story behind this landscape. The exhibits pull you immediately into the events leading up to the May 1980 eruption—an ordinary morning that changed the region forever. Archival photographs, time-lapse videos, and eyewitness accounts make the scale of the destruction shockingly real: an entire mountainside collapsing, forests flattened like matchsticks, and ash darkening the sky for hundreds of miles.

What’s just as compelling, though, is the story of renewal. Displays on the return of plants, wildlife, and ecosystems show how resilient nature can be, even after such a cataclysm. Standing there, watching footage of the first green shoots pushing through the ash, it becomes clear that Mount St. Helens is not just a monument to what was lost—it’s a powerful lesson in transformation and recovery.

Mount St. Helens Visitor Center at Seaquest State Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument: Adventure at scale

Where volcanic forces tell a timeless story

Castle Rock serves as the gateway to the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, a sprawling 110,000-acre landscape where the raw power of nature and the slow rhythm of regrowth coexist. As you venture into the monument the scenery transforms with every mile. Young forests of alder and fir push through ash-laden soil, lava fields stretch in surreal, undulating patterns, and crater lakes—like Spirit Lake—reflect the surrounding peaks with an eerie calm. Each trail and pullout feels like stepping into a different chapter of geological history, from the blast zone where trees were flattened in 1980 to the quiet river valleys now humming with wildlife.

The monument is a playground for all levels of explorers. For casual visitors, interpretive trails, observation points, and short hikes provide stunning views without the need for intense preparation. More ambitious adventurers can attempt longer treks including the challenging summit climb above 4,800 feet where permits are required but the vistas reward every step.

Driving through the monument in an RV feels uniquely immersive. The open road winds past rivers, blast-zone plains, and regenerating forests allowing you to experience the scale and contrast of destruction and renewal. With each turn you realize that Mount St. Helens is more than a volcano—it’s a living classroom, a dramatic wilderness, and a reminder of both nature’s power and resilience.

Spirit Lake Highway © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Beyond Seaquest: A Journey into the heart of Mount St. Helen

Tracing the story of a landscape forever changed

Beyond Seaquest State Park the road climbs steadily into the heart of Mount St. Helens country. As you follow State Route 504—the Spirit Lake Highway—the landscape begins to open, revealing sweeping views of the Toutle River Valley and hints of the volcanic story that lies ahead. What starts as quiet forest near the park gradually gives way to broader vistas, young regrowth forests, and the first signs of the terrain reshaped by the 1980 eruption.

This corridor is lined with meaningful stops that help visitors understand the mountain’s past and present. The Mount St. Helens Visitor Center at Silver Lake sits just across from the park, offering a powerful introduction to the eruption’s timeline.

Farther up the highway, pullouts and viewpoints provide glimpses of elk herds, the winding river, and the vast basin carved by the blast. Places like Hoffstadt Bluffs, the Forest Learning Center, Coldwater Lake, and ultimately Johnson Ridge Observatory stitch together a narrative of devastation and rebirth. Driving this route feels like traveling through chapters of a living textbook—each mile taking you closer to the volcano’s raw and unforgettable story.

Mount St. Helens from Hoffstadt Bluffs © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Camping and RV options

Stays for every style of traveler

While Castle Rock offers traditional lodging like Timberland Inn & Suites and Mt. St. Helens Motel, the RV options are where many travelers find their freedom. Toutle River RV Resort, Paradise Cove Resort, and Cedar’s RV Park are all within minutes of town. Toutle River’s shaded sites, modern amenities, and riverside location make it a prime choice for basecamping while exploring both Seaquest and Mount St. Helens.

For tent campers, Seaquest State Park is a perfect choice with full amenities and year-round availability. Whether you’re seeking full-hookup comfort or a more rustic, tent-based stay, the region accommodates every style of outdoor living.

When to visit

What each season brings to the experience

The Pacific Northwest’s temperate climate makes Castle Rock and Mount St. Helens accessible year-round. Late spring and early fall offer the best combination of comfortable temperatures and fewer crowds. Summer is ideal for camping but can bring occasional rain. Winter invites Nordic skiing, snowshoeing, and snow-covered landscapes, offering a completely different perspective of the region’s beauty.

Mount St. Helens from Lowitt Viewpoint © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Final thoughts

A closing reflection

Exploring Castle Rock and the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument is an experience that lingers long after the drive back to I-5. From the colorful streets and quiet parks of Castle Rock to the calm waters and boardwalks of Seaquest State Park and ultimately to the awe-inspiring landscapes of the volcano, the region blends accessibility with adventure in a way few places can.

“It’s one thing to read about the eruption in a book,” says long-time visitor Jill Thompson, “but standing on a trail, seeing the regrowth push through the ash, and feeling the mountain’s presence—it changes your perspective on both nature and time.”

Even from the comfort of your vehicle whether parked briefly or exploring for a day the views are unforgettable. Mark Hamilton, an RV traveler, reflects: “Mount St. Helens reminds you how powerful the earth can be—and how resilient it is, too. Every turn reveals something new, whether it’s a lava field, a crater lake, or a stand of young trees reclaiming their space.”

For anyone passing between Portland and Seattle, slowing down to visit this hidden gem provides more than a break from the highway. It’s a chance to walk trails, paddle quiet waters, gaze at volcanic peaks, and reconnect with the natural world. As you leave, the echo of birdsong, the glimmer of Silver Lake, and the volcano’s distant silhouette serve as lasting reminders that adventure is often found in the places most travelers overlook.

“Some journeys aren’t about the destination—they’re about discovering what’s waiting just beyond the exit ramp,” says Thompson. In Castle Rock and the surrounding wilderness that couldn’t be more true.

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Editor’s Note: This article was originally published in June 2026. Information reflects what was accurate at the time of writing. For topics that may change quickly, please verify current details before planning. To ensure honesty and avoid bias, this website features no ads, no sponsored content, and no affiliate links—just straightforward information for fellow travelers.

A 45th Anniversary Road Trip to Mount St. Helens

A 45th anniversary road trip to Mount St. Helens in the summer of 2025 is a unique opportunity to experience one of the most iconic volcanic landscapes in the United States, marking 45 years since the historic 1980 eruption

In 1980, a Washington mountain’s fiery blasts incinerated and flattened the landscape sending forth mudflows of ash and splintered trees and wiping out entire communities. The 45th anniversary of Mount St. Helens’ massive eruption makes this summer excursion an excellent bet, even for those who want a less-crowded summer exploration of the Northwest’s natural and human history. 

Summer is also when the mountain’s three visitor centers are open daily including one that reopened with brand-new exhibits. But you’ll likely encounter few tour buses and most parking lots and walking paths are relatively empty and quiet. 

That’s because the road’s last seven or so miles—terminating at the 4,200-foot elevation Johnston Ridge Observatory—are closed as a washout undergoes multiyear repairs. Many regional and international visitors misunderstand this situation as a general road closure, depressing the tourism market. 

Mount St. Helens Visitor Center © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Driving the Spirit Lake Memorial Highway

A scenic byway through the area affected by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens

Driving the Spirit Lake Memorial Highway (State Route 504) offers a unique opportunity to witness the dramatic aftermath and ongoing recovery of one of the most famous volcanic eruptions in U.S. history. The highway provides access to educational centers, hiking trails, and stunning vistas, making it a must-visit for nature lovers, history enthusiasts, and those interested in geology.

If planning a trip, allow 1-2 hours for the drive and consider stopping at the visitor centers for a fuller understanding of the area’s natural and human history.

Wetlands Haven Boardwalk Trail at Mount St. Helens Visitor Center © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Mount St. Helens Visitor Center

  • Address: 3029 Spirit Lake Hwy, Castle Rock, WA 98611
  • Phone: (360) 274-0962
  • Hours: Summer, 10 am-5 pm; winter, 10 am-4 pm
  • Fees: $5; family, $15; ages 6 and younger, free

Turn off the Spirit Lake Memorial Highway (State Route 504) at milepost 5 for the newly renovated Mount St. Helens Visitor Center within Seaquest State Park to walk the 0.6-mile Wetland Haven Boardwalk Trail or enjoy the just-refreshed interior.  

The center’s $1.1 million gallery renovations are devoted to the people, science, environment, and events before and after the eruption including the local Cowlitz Tribe. Look for the “breadcrust bomb” (a volcano-baked rock resembling a loaf of bread) or descend a short flight of stairs to peer into roiling, recreated magma within a volcano.

An 11-minute, placid film about the events and aftermath is appropriate for young children and four more films share the Cowlitz Indian Tribe harvesting camas and discussing lamprey and fishing. Another small display showcases cultural mementos inspired by the eruption, from 45 records to pottery.

Seaquest State Park

  • Address: 3030 Spirit Lake Highway, Castle Rock, WA 98611
  • Phone: (360) 644-5235
  • Hours: 8:00 am-dusk year round
  • Fees: $10 per vehicle per day

Seaquest is a 475-acre, year-round camping park set among lush pines in the shadow of the storied Mount St. Helen’s volcano. Seaquest Park boasts forested campgrounds, great hiking trails, and stunning mountain panoramas. Next door to the campground is Silver Lake. The park is connected to the popular Mount St. Helen’s Interpretive Center and Silver Lake by a pedestrian tunnel which leads you to a boardwalk trail over the wetland where ducks and other wildlife thrive.

The park has 52 standard campsites, 18 partial hookup sites, 15 full hookups sites, three hiker/biker sites, one dump station, and five restrooms (one ADA). Maximum site length is 50 feet (may have limited availability). The north, south, and mid-camp loops are in forest settings. Full hookup sites are available in the T-loop only.

Then, drive past manicured homes and gardens, log cabins being reclaimed by the earth and lily pad-filled ponds. If you want to round out your picnic supplies, stop at the just-reopened Drew’s Grocery store in Toutle for crackers, cheese and fruit, cold sandwiches, wraps and salads, or fried chicken and jojos. This is also your last chance to get gas on the drive.

The original 1980 blast destroyed the nearby Harry Gardner Park but the quiet campground has been restored and contains a small playground.

Hoffstaf Visitor Center © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Harry Gardner Park

  • Address: 121 Fiest Road, Toutle, WA 98649
  • Phone: (360) 577-3030)  

Harry Gardner Park is a 65 acre park along the South Toutle River. This Cowlitz County park was destroyed by the Mt. St. Helens eruption and has been recently brought back to life with similar amenities to pre-eruption.

The camping area offers 11 RV sites and 11 tent campsites. RV sites are equipped with electricity and water connections. Each site includes a picnic table and fire pit. There are two ADA accessible RV sites and two tent sites. A sewer dump station is available on site for your use.

The park also offers hiking trails, playground equipment, and easy access to the South Toutle River for fishing and swimming.

Not far from the park, Spirit Peaks Raceway offers an intriguing destination twice monthly—at the raceway’s “drifts,” visitors are welcome to set up chairs and watch drivers play on a racetrack in souped-up vehicles. 

Around 19 miles up Spirit Lake Memorial Highway, a 28-foot-tall carved wooden bigfoot welcomes you to the tourist attraction stop of North Fork Survivors. Outside, you’ll also find the rusted, twisted shells of vehicles and an A-frame building sunken in the eruption. The small curiosity-gift shop displays unusual items including plaster footprints purportedly gleaned from a Sasquatch.

Looking for more on Mount St. Helens & Spirit Lake Memorial Highway?

Toutle River Bridge © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Peak exploration 

This area represents the western edge of the Mount St. Helens blast zone

At around milepost 21, the valley floor falls away. You’ll have to use your imagination for the previous century’s devastation as forest, fields, and wildflowers have reclaimed the landscape. 

Ascend the mountain’s foothills framed with Weyerhauser-planted timber stands, purple lupins, and brilliant orange Indian paintbrush. A series of stunning bridges span gaps and gorges. A wildlife viewing area sign reminds you to watch for small families of deer that may appear along roadside hills. Other animals in the area include elk herds. 

The view at Forest Learmming Center © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Forest Learning Center

  • Address: 17000 Spirit Lake Highway, Toutle, WA
  • Operating schedule: 10 am-4 pm daily May 17 through Sept. 28, 2025
  • Fee: Free

After 33 miles along State Route 504, at a 2,650-foot elevation, find the Forest Learning Center. This modern Weyerhauser-operated center offers excellent views, a modern playground (with a volcano slide), and a paved loop where you’ll still see snapped trees and upturned roots. 

Inside the center, sleek exhibit galleries focus on forest sustainability, harvesting, and management along with eruption survivors’ stories. The center’s short film made up of 1980 news clips shows within a small theater strewn with recreated debris, amplified with cracking thunder and lightning.  

Two more viewpoints at milepost 37 (Elk Rock Viewpoint) and milepost 40 (Castle Lake Viewpoint Observation Site) offer bird’s-eye, panoramic perspectives on scarred swaths—though little debris remains. You’ll likely want to bring binoculars for a better view. Stop at either to see the mountain’s crater and lava dome and look down into the valley strewn with massive pillars of volcanic rock and gray debris. 

Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Elk Rock Viewpoint

On State Route 504, at milepost 37, Elk Rock Viewpoint marks the western entrance to Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument. View the volcano and crater and the once desolate blast zone, now green with returning vegetation. Below, see the gray, debris-avalanche deposit from the 1980 eruption which still fills the Toutle River Valley. On clear days, glimpse the snow-covered peak of Mount Adams in the distance.

Key features incude:

  • Views: It offers panoramic views of Mount St. Helens’ crater, the Toutle River Valley filled with the 1980 eruption’s debris-avalanche deposits, and the recovering blast zone now greening with returning vegetation. On clear days, visitors can also see the snow-capped peak of Mount Adams in the distance.
  • Accessibility: The viewpoint has a parking area with about 20 spaces and 3 RV sites. There are no restrooms or potable water available at the site.
  • Improvements: Recent upgrades include parking improvements, an information kiosk, and a natural stone wall to enhance the visitor experience while preserving the natural scenic character of the area.
  • Historical note: Near the viewpoint is the site of the former Elk Rock Lookout, an 80-foot fire lookout tower built in 1941 and abandoned after damage in the early 1960s. The lookout foundation ruins remain and can be accessed by a short hike east from the viewpoint parking area.
Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Castle Lake Viewpoint Observation Site

Views of Mount St. Helens, Castle Lake, and the landslide debris deposit from the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980. There are benches, interpretive signs, ample parking, and a short trail available.

Castle Lake Viewpoint Observation Site is a scenic overlook located about 40 miles east of Castle Rock along State Route 504 (Spirit Lake Memorial Highway) within the Gifford Pinchot National Forest. It offers visitors panoramic views of Castle Lake, a sub-alpine lake formed by the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption when a massive debris avalanche dammed the South Fork of Castle Creek.

Key features include:

  • Views: The viewpoint provides spectacular vistas of Castle Lake, the surrounding volcanic landscape shaped by the eruption, and distant views of Mount St. Helens’ crater. The lake itself covers just over 250 acres and is surrounded by steep volcanic ridges.
  • Access: The site has a parking area on the right side of SR 504, making it accessible for travelers driving the Spirit Lake Memorial Highway.
  • Recreation: Nearby hiking trails including the Castle Lake Trail (Forest Trail 221) provide access to the lake and surrounding areas. The trail passes through areas affected by the eruption and offers opportunities to observe wildlife such as elk and waterfowl.
  • Ecological importance: Castle Lake is a barrier lake created by volcanic debris, with a constructed spillway to prevent sudden flooding. It has a self-sustaining trout population and is an important site for studying volcanic recovery
Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Science and Learning Center at Coldwater 

  • Elevation: 3,100 feet
  • Parking: There is a large parking lot with RV parking spots available

The Science and Learning Center at Coldwater is a hands-on education facility operated by the Mount St. Helens Institute (MSHI) in collaboration with the U.S. Forest Service, located at milepost 43 on State Highway 504, approximately 7 miles from the crater of Mount St. Helens and 10 miles west of Johnston Ridge Observatory. Situated in the heart of the 1980 eruption blast zone, it offers stunning views of Mount St. Helens, Coldwater Lake, and the Toutle Valley, making it a prime location for immersive learning about volcanic processes, ecological recovery, and the natural history of the area.

Outdoors, an interpretive trail’s benches invite you to rest and enjoy disparate panoramas of bright buttercups, vivid grasses, once-massive tree stumps and views toward the mountain and valley floor.  

A 0.25-mile ADA-accessible Winds of Change Trail and the Elk Bench Trail connect to Coldwater Lake, Coldwater Peak, and Johnston Ridge, offering opportunities to explore the volcanic landscape.

The MSHI’s 2021 master plan aims to expand the center by 2030, increasing overnight program capacity from 500 to 5,000 students annually, adding a public campground with 40 RV/tent sites, improving trails, and remodeling the facility for sustainability and modern educational needs.

Lowitt Viewpoint © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Coldwater Lake Recreation Area

At milepost 45, Coldwater Lake Recreation Area, you can go boating, swimming or fly-fishing in Coldwater Lake. Or simply hike the accessible half-mile Birth of the Lake Interpretive Trail’s impressive boardwalk to learn more about this new lake, formed by the volcano.  

The trail is approximately 0.5 miles round trip and has no elevation change making it an ideal destination for families and individuals looking for a leisurely walk. Visitors can enjoy the serene environment with opportunities to observe wildlife and take in the scenic views of the lake and surrounding mountains

As an alternative, the 2.4-mile Hummocks Trail only gains 100 feet in elevation and can provide a closer glimpse of the mountain while the road is closed.

Interpretive signs describe features along the first quarter mile of trail as the loop meanders through these hummocks which have been mapped by scientist to their respective spots on St. Helens’ former summit. 
You may even spot resident wildlife as the area is habitat for elk, waterfowl, and frogs and newts. Keep an eye out for these little critters but remember the area is still recovering from the eruption, so please stay on the trail and respect the habitat here.

This is the furthest you can travel up, for now—turn around to descend the mountain. 

Please note: State Route 504 is gated at mile marker 45.2—just passed the Coldwater Lake area and Hummocks trail parking lot due to the May 2023 landslide. Johnston Ridge Observatory and Loowit viewpoint remain closed. For more information on the landslide: South Coldwater Landslide Information.

Notes: Buy the Mount Saint Helens NVM/RD Northwest Forest Day Pass in advance which you can either print or download to your phone.

You also need a Washington Discover Pass or day pass to explore Seaquest State Park beyond the visitor center. 

Worth Pondering…

Each volcano is an independent machine—nay, each vent and monticule is for the time being engaged in its own peculiar business, cooking as it were its special dish, which in due time is to be separately served.

—Clarence Edward Dutton, American geologist (1841-1912)

45 Years after Mount St. Helens Blast: Predicting Volcanic Eruptions + Climbing an Active Volcano

The deadliest volcano in the continental US is one of the easiest to climb in the Cascades

According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Mount St. Helens is the most likely volcano in the the Pacific Ring of Fire to erupt again soon. It’s also considered the deadliest volcano in the continental US as its massive eruption in 1980 was indeed the most deadly and most economically destructive volcanic event in the United States.

It is likely that the types, frequencies, and magnitudes of past activity will be repeated in the future. However, neither a large debris avalanche nor a major lateral blast like those of May 18, 1980 is likely now that a deep crater has formed. 

Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

All major hiking enthusiasts have a list of peaks they dream of climbing. One such peak in the US is Mount St. Helens which is an excellent option for those wanting to add a bit of adrenaline to their road trip. Why? It’s not only a mountain but an active volcano, too.

Forty-five years ago today, Mount St. Helens erupted, triggering a magnitude 5 earthquake and spewing ash, mud, and debris across southwest Washington.

The explosion killed 57 people and changed the mountain’s landscape forever.

The eruption wasn’t a total surprise—months before, a series of small earthquakes and steam-venting alerted scientists that a major blast was on the way.

Decades later, advancing technology is making volcanic monitoring easier and more accurate. But there’s still a long way to go before exact volcano predictions can be made weeks or months in advance. It’s an important issue to consider in a state that is home to volcanoes considered to be some of the nation’s most dangerous.

That said, some climbers say it’s a relatively easy climb for a mountain since it requires no technical knowledge but good fitness, health, and previous experience are a must.

Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

More on Mount St. Helens

How likely is Mount St. Helens to erupt in the near future?

The USGS claims we are likely to see another eruption in our lifetime

Recently, experts discovered that some volcanoes in the Cascade Range aren’t actually dormant as once presumed. Mount St. Helens is very much awake and alive and most US citizens around at the time still remember the deadly eruption that took place on May 18, 1980 in which 57 people lost their lives.

This massive explosion devastated 230 sq mi of land and started an active period for the volcano which continued to erupt for the following six years.

Like Kīlauea’s Summit which violently erupted in February 2025, Mount St. Helens is quite unpredictable and often alternates periods of activity with periods of inactivity. After being dormant for several years, it erupted again in 2004 with minor flare-ups until 2008.

According to experts, the volcano is now preparing to erupt again but we do not know when this will happen. This could be in a few years or decades from now. According to the USGS,

Mount St. Helens is the volcano in the Cascades most likely to erupt again in our lifetimes. It is likely that the types, frequencies, and magnitudes of past activity will be repeated in the future.

On the positive side, the USGS specifies that a deep crater has formed so neither a lateral blast nor a massive debris avalanche like those of 1980 will likely happen again. Moreover, despite the dangers, Mount St. Helens continues to be popular among climbing enthusiasts with some even describing it as fairly doable so long as you’re in good fitness.

Debris from Mount St. Helens eruption at Forest Learning Center © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Mount St. Helens’ peak has an elevation of 8,363 feet and is popular among climbers

It’s about 52 miles northeast of Portland and is relatively young compared to other nearby peaks

Mount St. Helens is located about 52 miles northeast of Portland and 98 miles south of Seattle. However, the closest town to the peak is Cougar, in Washington. This volcano has an elevation of 8,363 feet.

Compared to other peaks in the region, this mountain is relatively young and was formed within the past 40,000 years. It is considered the most active volcano in the Cascades yet it remains a favorite among mountaineers. This is because, from its peak, you can see Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Mount Jefferson, and Mount Adams, offering a sight you’ll never forget.

Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Mount St. Helens quick information

  • State: Washington
  • Elevation: 8,363 feet
  • Last active period: 2004-2008

Most popular route to the top: Monitor Ridge Route

However, despite some claiming it to be relatively easy, the climb is still not advised for those without experience or poor fitness. When Candance Dempsey ascended Mount St. Helens with her sister, Sherry, she described the experience, saying: “It was like scaling the spikes of a Stegosaurus.”

Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Everything you should know before climbing Mount St. Helens

The route has an elevation gain of 4,500 feet and you will need a permit

While Mount St. Helens is considered one of the easiest climbs in the Cascades, it’s still a pretty tough hike and only fit people with hiking experience should consider this unique journey.

The best time of year to reach the top is between late spring and early fall and the Monitor Ridge Route starting from the Climbers Bivouac is the most popular hiking trail to the summit. This route has an elevation of 4,500 feet and a length of five miles. Most people manage to reach the peak and descend within seven to twelve hours.

The climb is doable if you are relatively fit as it requires no technical knowledge. However, there are a few rules you should keep in mind for your safety.

While climbing to the rim is allowed, hikers cannot enter the crater. This is because it can be extremely dangerous. Unfortunately, a Japanese climber lost his life in the early 2010s getting too close to the rim while trying to take the perfect picture. He was found only nine months after his fall.

The cornice can also be incredibly dangerous especially in the winter. This term refers to the overhanging edge of snow on the ridge of a mountain. Because of this, it’s important to stay at least 30 feet from the visible edge.

Tip: Before climbing, check Mount St. Helens’ current conditions on the official website. Also, a climbing permit is required to climb Mount Saint Helens.

Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Know before you go

Climbing an active volcano has associated risks. These include but are not limited to volcanic activity, weather hazards, avalanches, terrain traps, equipment failure, and human error. Before heading into the backcountry for any reason or any length of time, make sure to take the precautions necessary to ensure a safe return.

Obtain a climbing permit for your entire group. Make sure each member has a copy, printed or digital.

Train appropriately. This will look different for each person but do several hikes in the weeks ahead to prepare you for the 10-12 mile, 4,500-5,500 foot climb.

Leave your itinerary, driving route, and estimated return time with someone you trust. Make sure they know what to do in case of an emergency.

Mount St. Helens Visitor Center © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Carry the 10 essentialsls:

  • Navigation
  • Headlamp, extra batteries
  • Sun protection
  • First aid
  • Repair kit and tools
  • Fire kit
  • Shelter
  • Extra food
  • Extra water (3-4 L per person)
  • Layers

Check the conditions. Never attempt to climb a mountain in hazardous conditions, i.e. thunderclouds, lightening storms, avalanche danger, etc. Remember that conditions can change on the mountain rapidly and sometimes unpredictably.

Pack equipment that matches the conditions. This may include avalanche beacon, probe, shovel, ice axe, snowshoes, and/or crampons. Know how to utilize and safely carry this equipment before you head into the backcountry.

Sign in to the register at the trailhead before you start your climb.

Be prepared in case of an emergency. There is limited to no cell phone service on the roads leading to the climbing route or on the climbing route itself. Do not rely on your phone and carry an alternative for emergency communication. Have enough supplies to last at least one night on the mountain.

Notify your emergency person once you are off the mountain.

Experts have no idea when Mount St. Helens will wake up and end its current dormant state. So, if you’re eager to reach the summit of this stunning volcano, try to do so before the next eruption occurs and ensure you follow all the rules to stay safe along the way.

Worth Pondering…

Each volcano is an independent machine—nay, each vent and monticule is for the time being engaged in its own peculiar business, cooking as it were its special dish, which in due time is to be separately served.

—Clarence Edward Dutton, American geologist (1841-1912)

A Massive Volcanic Catastrophe Could Hit the Pacific Northwest. Experts Are Sounding the Alarm.

Dangerous mudflows known as lahars could inundate the communities surrounding Mt. Rainier in as little as 30 minutes

In the fog and pine-covered mountains of the Pacific Northwest, active volcanoes wait patiently above the ridgelines leaving residents on edge. Many fear the impending eruptions of the peaks. Washington state’s volcanoes are particularly dangerous with multiple considered to be at least high threats to volcanologists.

The famous and catastrophic eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 is still fresh for those who lived in the Pacific Northwest at the time. An estimated 2.3 billion cubic meters—a volume that would fill more than 900,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools—of ash, pumice, dirt, and rock flowed downslope resulting in the largest landslide in recorded history.

This debris flow continued to travel 14 miles west at up to 25 miles an hour using the North Fork Toutle River as its guide. It turned what was once a river of abundance into a river of concrete by uprooting trees, carrying car-sized boulders along its path, bulldozing 27 bridges, and devastating local communities and farms. Ash continued to pour from the volcano for hours.

Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

While volcanoes are known for producing sinewy streams of lava and billowing plumes of ash, the St. Helens eruption underscored a lesser known but equally potent volcanic hazard: massive debris flows known as lahars. These slurries of water, sediment, and rocky debris originate atop a volcano and tumble rapidly downslope under gravity. The destruction St. Helens wrought had less to do with the eruption itself than the repercussions of the massive landslide it generated.

All told, the eruption and its aftermath took 57 lives and caused $860 million dollars of economic damage to roads, railways, communities, and the logging industry. That summer, the U.S. government established the Cascades Volcano Observatory (CVO) kicking off a gargantuan effort to monitor active volcanoes along the Cascade Range which stretches from Northern California to British Columbia and includes volcanoes like California’s Mount Shasta, Oregon’s Crater Lake, and Mount Rainier in Washington.

Researchers had a lot to learn about how to best communicate the risks of volcanic disasters and adequately prepare the public. Because it wasn’t a question of if another eruption would happen again; it was a matter of when.

Right now in Alaska, the state’s largest city is preparing for an eruption that has a 50 percent chance of happening.

But what is the largest volcano in Cascadia? Which Pacific Northwest volcano is most likely to erupt? When could these volcanoes erupt? The answers might surprise you.

Mount St. Helens devastation 40 years later © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

When is the next volcanic eruption likely in the Pacific Northwest?

There are multiple volcanoes with a high or very high threat potential

In the Pacific Northwest, United States Geological Survey (USGS) researchers have called lahars “the most threatening hazard” in the Cascades, largely due to their direct access to communities. In the last 10,000 years, more than 60 lahars have originated from Mount Rainier which is situated about 50 miles northeast of St. Helens and looms large over the Seattle skyline. According to the USGS, 150,000 people in Pierce County live in Rainier’s projected lahar path.

A giant volcano in Alaska is showing signs of an impending eruption. Significantly elevated levels of volcanic gas emissions were recently observed around Mount Spurr which is located 75 miles from Anchorage and is home to nearly 300,000 people.

Geologists, seismologists, volcanologists, and residents in Anchorage have had their watchful eyes on Mount Spurr for the better part of a year after unprecedented seismic activity has heightened beyond the ‘norm’ causing unease and concerns that the mountainous volcano is inching closer to eruption each day.

Last month, the Alaska Volcano Observatory and the USGS stated they measured “significantly elevated volcanic activity with newly reactivated gas fissures or fumaroles seen at Mount Spurr’s Crater Peak.” That activity prompted a swift warning by both agencies and again on Wednesday, March 19th on the agency’s “X” page warning residents to be prepared for an imminent eruption.

As Alaska’s Mount Spurr stirs, shakes, rumbles, and continues to show obvious signs of awakening and erupting, residents are again being urged to brace for an eruption within the coming days, weeks, or months.

After a year-long period of continual and increasing seismic activity, scientists provided an estimated chance of Mount Spurr’s eruption last month at 50/50. Since last month, the Alaska volcano has shown telltale signs that there is a greater than 50 percent chance of eruption and when and if Mount Spurr should erupt, it will be the first major eruption since 1982. That eruption’s plume from its first explosion reached 47,500 feet and its second explosion closed the Anchorage airport for 20 hours.

Small earthquakes were detected at Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Hood during the past month. These are the Cascade Range. We did have the Volcan de Fuego or Volcano of Fire blowing a thick ash cloud seen from Palin, Guatemala on Monday, March 10, 2025. This is more of a concern. Numerous volcanoes can have an accumulative effect.

Scientists have their eyes on the Cascade Range, a 1,200-mile stretch of volcanoes that form a trail of peaks from British Columbia to northern California.

The Washington portion of this range is especially active and has seen recent eruptions even after the aforementioned 1980 catastrophe. From 2004 to 2008, Mount St. Helens once again erupted though it was a more gradual process than the previous explosion.

Mount St. Helens Visitor Center © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

There are currently five volcanoes in the Pacific Northwest that are deemed as high or very high threats:

Mount Spurr

  • Location: Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska
  • Elevation: 11,070 feet
  • Last erupted: 1992

Mount Baker

  • Location: Whatcom County, Washington
  • Elevation: 10,781 feet
  • Last erupted: 1843

Mount Rainier

  • Location: Pierce and Lewis counties, Washington
  • Elevation: 14,410 feet
  • Last erupted: 1450

Mount St. Helens

  • Location: Skamania County, Washington
  • Elevation: 8.300 feet
  • Last erupted: 2004-2008

Mount Adams

  • Location: Skamania, Yakima, Klickitat, and Lewis counties; Washington
  • Elevation: 12,276 feet
  • Last erupted: 1800 BC–5600 BC
Mount St. Helens Visitor Center © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

More dangerous volcanoes you need to know about

These volcanoes pose a threat

Alaska contains about 140 volcanoes and volcanic fields active within the last 2.6 million years (the Quaternary).

About 90 of these volcanoes have been active within the last 11,000 years (the Holocene) and more than 50 have been very recently active within the last 300 years or so.

The volcanoes in Alaska make up more than three-quarters of US volcanoes that have erupted in the past 200 years.

Most of Alaska’s volcanoes are located along the 1,500 mile Aleutian Arc which extends westward from the mainland of Alaska towards Kamchatka and forms the northern portion of the Pacific “ring of fire.” Other volcanoes in Alaska that have been active in the last few thousand years exist in southeastern Alaska (Edgecumbe) and the Wrangell mountains. Smaller volcanoes, some active within the past 11,000 years, are found in interior Alaska and in western Alaska as far north as the Seward Peninsula.

Lassen Peak © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Other volcanoes along the Pacific Rim from Alaska to California of note include:

Mount Redoubt

  • Location: Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska
  • Elevation: 10,197 feet
  • Last erupted: 2009

Akutan Peak

  • Location: Akutan Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska
  • Elevation: 4,279 feet
  • Last erupted: 1992

Makushin Volcano

  • Location: Unalaska Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska
  • Elevation: 6,680 feet
  • Last erupted: 1995

Mount Meager

  • Location: Lillooet Land District, British Columbia
  • Elevation: 8,790 feet
  • Last erupted: 410 BC ± 200 years

Mount Garibaldi

  • Location: New Westminister Land District, British Columbia
  • Elevation: 8,786 feet
  • Last erupted: 8060 BC ± 500 years

Glacier Peak

  • Location: Snohomish County, Washington
  • Elevation: 10,541 feet
  • Last erupted: 1700

Mount Hood

  • Location: Clackamas and Hood River counties, Oregon
  • Elevation: 11,249 feet
  • Last erupted: 1865-1866

Crater Lake

  • Location: Klamath County, Oregon
  • Elevation: 6,178 feet
  • Last erupted: 5700 BC

Mount Shasta

  • Location: Siskiyou County, California
  • Elevation: 14.179 feet
  • Last erupted: 1250

Lassen Peak

  • Location: Shasta County, California
  • Elevation: 10,457 feet
  • Last erupted: 1914-1921
Lassen Volcanic National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

How can you tell when a volcano will erupt?

Most volcanoes provide warnings before an eruption

As volcanoes don’t tend to erupt at timed intervals—for example, every ten years—it can be quite a task for volcanologists to predict when the next volcanic eruption will happen in the Pacific Northwest.

However, scientists state that a volcano could erupt any time particularly in Alaska and Washington State where most of the highest-threat volcanoes are on the West Coast. These sites are looming disasters and beloved recreation areas in the Pacific Northwest. Residents and visitors to the state flock to the towering peaks for scenic hikes, award-winning ski slopes, camping, hiking, mountain biking, and more.

This is not just the case for Washington and Oregon volcanoes. Around the world, the rise of dark tourism is leading to skyrocketing volcano visitor numbers including at Indonesia’s blue lava spectacle. Meanwhile, at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park tourists are flocking to Kīlauea as it erupts and lava spews many feet up in the air.

Note: Volcanoes are considered the most striking evidence of plate tectonics offering visitors a glimpse of a largely invisible process. These peaks are among the few spots where molten rock emerges on the surface.

Lassen Volcanic National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

What would happen if a volcano erupted in the Pacific Northwest?

From lahars to smoke clouds, the effects would be catastrophic

Though volcanic eruptions in the Pacific Northwest aren’t very frequent, they are incredibly violent when they do happen. During an eruption, volcanoes send gas, rock, and ash high into the air making breathing hard and killing swaths of nearby wildlife. This blast leads to volcanic glass, more ash, and minerals going airborne and firm what’s called an eruption column cloud.

One of the world’s most active volcanoes produced ash clouds that were over two miles high. Meanwhile, any large debris that falls from the sky is called volcanic bombs as they damage anything within a few miles of the vent. Together, these results of the initial eruption are called tephra and they can not only damage communities below but also airplanes in the sky if they fly through the cloud. All of this can also put locals at risk of lung damage.

If the blast is strong enough or in the case of volcanic collapse, this can cause a pyroclastic flow or a rapidly moving mix of gas, rock, and ash that spills over the cone and down the slope at top speed—they can reach 100-150 miles per hour. Between the speed and the temperatures that hit over 1,500°F the pyroclastic flow flattens and kills everything it goes near.

After the eruption’s blast and tephra, lava then emerges. As it gets on the move, it destroys everything in its way. Lava with low viscosity (meaning it’s not sticky) like basalt moves quickly and can reach further distances while high viscosity (meaning it’s sticky) lava like rhyolite moves slower and less far. The heat emitted from either melts snow and ice that aren’t directly in the path but are nearby which leads to the most dangerous part of all: lahars.

These are hazardous flows of debris and mud. While the eruption, lava, and ash devastate all infrastructure within ten miles of the eruption, lahars destroy anything within 50 miles and if it’s a low-lying area, it can be even further away and still be a casualty. In Washington State, lahars are known to travel up to 120 miles per hour and some have so much solid material in them like rocks that it looks like a superspeed train of concrete.

Lahars are the deadliest part of a volcanic eruption and if there was another one in the Pacific Northwest, it would be the costliest hazard of all. This is not just due to their force, speed, and reach but also because they can happen at any time. Lahars don’t need a volcanic eruption to occur and can happen during intense rainstorms.

While Seattle would most likely just be at risk of ash, cities in the foothills like Puyallup and Orting would be devastated by all volcanic hazards especially lahars. For this reason, citizens regularly participate in lahar evacuation drills.

Note: The eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 blanketed 22,000 square miles with ash. Despite this seemingly large mileage it was considered a relatively modest eruption as far as size goes. Bigger eruptions like that of the South Pacific’s Krakatoa in 1883 produce enough ash to lower the entire planet’s temperature for years.

Lassen Volcanic National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

How to know if a volcanic eruption is imminent in the Pacific Northwest

It’s all about staying informed and practicing ahead of time

Although it can be tricky to pinpoint the exact moment when a volcano will erupt, there are some clues that experts rely on. Eruptions are often paired with earthquakes as the magma in the volcano makes its way up through the cone and to the surface. Although earthquakes aren’t a sure sign of an upcoming eruption even if it’s a “swarm” of them, if they happen alongside gas emission, temperature changes, and deformation events this hints strongly that the volcano will erupt.

For this reason, volcano seismologists track earthquakes and seismic signals that suggest magma is moving. The CVO posts a weekly volcanic activity update in the Pacific Northwest. The big five volcanoes in Washington are detailed as well as Mount Hood, Mount Jefferson, Three Sisters, Newberry, and Crater Lake in Oregon.

Data is compiled in partnership with the University of Washington Pacific Northwest Seismic Network which publishes a map of volcanic activity accessible to all. Viewing resources like these regularly is a great way to prepare for eruptions in the Pacific Northwest.

Learning about the risks you face in your neck of the Pacific Northwest is key. Even if you’re a visitor to the area, it’s still advised that you understand the volcanic updates before coming. Those living in places like Iceland which is being deemed the volcano capital of the world live by emergency preparedness.

How to prepare for a volcanic eruption in the Pacific Northwest

Have water, food, and emergency supplies ready and stored safely

Having a go-to bag is critical. Every person’s go bag will look different. And it should be easy to carry and maintain.

Consider making an emergency go-bag checklist so you don’t forget anything necessary. Staying updated with your local weather stations and national services is also a great way to be informed and prepared. Note any evolving situations and adapt your packed items accordingly.

Essential items include goggles, breathing masks, essential contact information, important documents.

Plan an evacuation route for both landslides and lahars, prepping a path that directs you and your loved ones away from streams, river valleys, and anywhere that’s low-lying.

Listen to All Hazard Alert Broadcast sirens and local news stations for warnings and evacuation orders.

Subscribe to volcano notification services.

If an eruption does happen but you can’t evacuate, get to high ground and stay inside, closing all windows, doors, and vents until ash stops falling. If possible, head to a designated evacuation area or public shelter once the eruption is over.

While the lush, mountain-speckled landscapes of the Pacific Northwest offer plenty of beauty, they also offer potential danger. However, if you’re informed and prepared, there isn’t any reason why you can’t enjoy and get lost in the scenic wonderland.

Lassen Volcanic National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Related stories

Worth Pondering…

Each volcano is an independent machine—nay, each vent and monticule is for the time being engaged in its own peculiar business, cooking as it were its special dish which in due time is to be separately served. We have instances of vents within hailing distance of each other pouring out totally different kinds of lava, neither sympathizing with the other in any discernible manner nor influencing other in any appreciable degree.

—Clarence Edward Dutton, Report on the Geology of the High Plateaus of Utah (1880)

Mount St. Helens Erupted 44 Years Ago Today: Here’s How It Unfolded

After the eruption, ash poured into the atmosphere for nine hours

Washington’s Mount St. Helens erupted for nine hours on this day in history, May 18, 1980, killing 57 people and triggering the largest landslide in recorded history. 

Prior to the eruption, Mount St. Helens stood at 9,677 feet, says the website for the United States Geological Survey (USGS). It was the fifth-tallest mountain in the state of Washington.

“It stood out handsomely, however, from surrounding hills because it rose thousands of feet above them and had a perennial cover of ice and snow,” said the site.

Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

That changed on May 18 when the volcano erupted for the first time in more than a century. Instead, there was a horseshoe-shaped crater in its place. The crater’s highest point located on the southwestern side of the mountain is 8,365 feet. The eruption came almost exactly two months after seismic activity began on the long-dormant volcano. 

On March 16, 1980, a series of small earthquakes began to shake the area. Eleven days later, on March 27 following hundreds of small earthquakes, Mount St. Helens had a relatively small eruption—it’s first since 1857. 

In that eruption, steam explosions blasted a 200- to 250-foot wide crater through the volcano’s summit ice cap and covered the snow-clad southeast sector with dark ash. 

These eruptions continued through April 22. 

After about a two-week stop in volcanic activity, smaller eruptions and earthquakes continued from May 7 through May 17. 

Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

By that time, more than 10,000 earthquakes had shaken the volcano and the north flank had grown outward about 450 feet to form a prominent bulge. 

This bulge was strong evidence that molten rock (magma) had rose high into the volcano and was growing at a rate of up to five feet per day.

At 8:32 a.m. on May 18, a 5.1 earthquake with no immediate precursors struck Mount Saint Helens triggering a rapid series of events. 

At the same time as the earthquake, the volcano’s northern bulge and summit slid away as a huge landslide—the largest debris avalanche on Earth in recorded history. 

A small, dark, ash-rich eruption plume rose directly from the base of the debris avalanche scarp and another from the summit crater rose to about 650 feet high. 

The volume of the avalanche was the equivalent of one million Olympic-sized swimming pools. 

Following the landslide, the destruction continued. 

Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

The landslide had removed part of the cryptodome which was a very hot and highly pressurized body of magma. With the cyptodome removed, Mount St. Helens’s magmatic system depressurized, triggering powerful eruptions that blasted laterally through the sliding debris knocking 1,000 feet off the height of the mountain. 

The cloud of tephra or rock fragments reached 15 miles within 15 minutes. 

The aftermath of the initial eruption was devastating. 

Virtually no trees remained of what was once a dense forest in the six-mile radius of the former summit and other trees were knocked to the ground and seared.

The eruption then became a Plinian eruption defined as as one that produces a sustained convecting plume of pyroclasts and gas rising more than 15 miles above sea level.

The Plinian eruption lasted for nine hours sending 520 million tons of ash into the air.

Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

The ash was so thick that the city of Spokane, Washington, located 250 miles from Mount Saint Helens was plunged into complete darkness. Over four inches of ash covered Yakima, Washington. 

Major ash falls occurred as far away as central Montana and ash fell visibly as far eastward as the Great Plains of the Central United States more than 930 miles away. 

The ash cloud spread across the U.S. in three days and circled the Earth in 15 days.

The blast also triggered something called a lahar which is an Indonesian term that describes a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flows down the slopes of a volcano and typically enters a river valley.

Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

In Mount Saint Helens’ case, the snowy peak melted in the initial eruption. That rush of water combined with the rock flow created a lahar. 

In the weeks leading up to May 18, people who lived near Mount St. Helens were evacuated.

The area immediately surrounding Mount St. Helens was divided into a red zone and a blue zone. 

Of the 57 people who died in the eruption, only one Harry Randall Truman did not have express permission to be near the mountain the day it erupted and most of the deaths actually occurred outside the boundaries of the blue zone. 

Truman, an 83-year-old man who had lived near Mount St. Helens for 54 years refused to comply with evacuation orders and leave the red zone. 

In a colorful interview with National Geographic prior to the eruption, Truman said, “I’m going to stay right here because, I’ll tell you why, my home and my (expletive) life’s here.” 

“My wife and I, we both vowed years and years ago that we’d never leave Spirit Lake. We loved it. It’s part of me and I’m part of that (expletive) mountain,” he said.

Truman’s remains were never found. 

Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Mt. St. Helens eruption 44th anniversary

Mount St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980 at 8:32 am

The volcano, located in southwestern Washington used to be a beautiful symmetrical cone about 9,600 feet above sea level.

Vancouver! Vancouver! This is it!

On March 1, 1980, a new system of seismographs at the University of Washington went into operation to monitor earthquake activity in the Cascades. On March 20, it recorded a magnitude-4.2 earthquake deep beneath Mount St. Helens inaugurating a round-the-clock watch that was to save many lives. From March 25 to March 27, quakes of magnitude 4.0 rocked the mountain as many as three times a day and smaller quakes occurred several times every hour.

At 8 a.m. PST on March 27, the U.S. Geological Survey issued an official Hazard Watch for Mount St. Helens; around noon, the first eruption of steam from the summit sent a column of ash and steam 6,000 feet into the air. Twin fissures opened on the mountain’s north face.

On the morning of May 18, USGS volcanologist David A. Johnston camped on the ridge with his lasers, radioed in his regular 7 a.m. report. The changes to the bulging mountain were consistent with what had been reported several times daily since the watch began. At 8:32, a magnitude-5.1 earthquake registered on the seismographic equipment. His excited radio message, “This is it!” was followed by a stream of data. It was his last transmission; the ridge he camped on was within the direct blast zone.

Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

By the numbers

  • 57: Lives lost
  • $1.1 billion: Damage costs
  • 9,600 feet: Height before eruption
  • 8,300 feet: Height after eruption
  • 200: Homes destroyed
  • 90 mph: Mudflows speed
  • 5,400,000 tons: Estimated ash
  • 2,200 square miles: Ash covered
  • 185 miles: Roads destroyed
  • 15 miles: Railways damaged
Mount St. Helens © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Go deeper

Worth Pondering…

Each volcano is an independent machine—nay, each vent and monticule is for the time being engaged in its own peculiar business, cooking as it were its special dish, which in due time is to be separately served.

—Clarence Edward Dutton, American geologist (1841-1912)

The Best National Parks to Visit in September

Wondering where to travel in September? Why not opt for a nature getaway and visit one of America’s National Parks in September!

The national parks are a treasure—beautiful, wild, and full of wonders to see. But there’s more to experience than taking in gorgeous scenery from your vehicle or lookout points. National parks are natural playgrounds, full of possible adventures.

The most famous offerings of the National Park Service (NPS) are the 63 national parks including Arches, Great Smoky Mountains, and Grand Canyon. But there are 424 NPS units across the country that also includes national monuments, national seashores, national recreation areas, national battlefields, and national memorials. These sites are outside the main focus of this guide.

September is one of the best months of the year to visit the national parks. The weather is fantastic across much of the US, the busy summer season is coming to an end and in some parks you can see the first of the fall colors. In this guide, I list five of the best national parks to visit plus four bonus parks.

Theodore Roosevelt National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

About this National Park series

This article is part of a series about the best national parks to visit each month. In this series, every national park is listed at least once and many are listed multiple times. It is a series of 12 articles, one for each month of the year.

These articles take into account weather, crowd levels, the best time to go hiking, special events, road closures, and my personal experiences in the parks. Based on these factors, I picked out what I think are the optimal times to visit each park. Since I haven’t been to all of the national parks I include only the parks we have visited on at lease one occasion.

For an overview of the best time to visit each national park, check out my Best National Parks by Season guide. This guide will cover the best time to visit each national park based on these factors. First are the links to my posts about the best parks to visit, month-by-month. This is followed by a list that illustrates the best time to visit each national park based on weather and crowd levels. Please note this overview will be posted following the completion of this 12 month guide in February 2024.

And at the end of this article, I have links to the other guides in my Best National Parks by Month series.

Shenandoah National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Visiting the National Parks in September

In my opinion, September is one of the best months of the year to plan a national parks trip. In September, the weather is still warm and the snow has melted on the higher elevation trails. After Labor Day, crowds get lower in the national parks now that children are back in school.

During September, you can visit almost any national park and have a great experience. The parks in the northern half of the US are still relatively warm and the roads are still open. In warmer climates like Utah and Arizona, September is still a hot month to visit but not as bad as June through August especially if you can delay your visit to the end of the month. And in a few places, you can even catch the first fall colors at the end of September.

I recommend avoiding Everglades and Congaree in September as they tend to be hot, humid, and swarming with mosquitoes.

For this guide, I could have listed 30 great parks to visit in September since there are so many good options. Instead, I list five of the very best parks to visit with more suggestions at the end of this guide.

Let’s get started.

IMPORTANT NOTE: The information I provide for each national park does not include temporary road closures since these dates are constantly changing. Roads can close in the national parks at any time so I recommend getting updates on the NPS website while planning your trip. 

Best National Parks in September

Theodore Roosevelt National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

1. Theodore Roosevelt National Park

Location: North Dakota

Theodore Roosevelt National Park is a picturesque wilderness of grasslands and badlands. Bison, feral horses, pronghorns, and elk roam the landscapes, hiking trails meander through the colorful bentonite hills, and scenic roads take visitors to numerous stunning overlooks.

This national park is made up of three separate units: the South Unit, the North Unit, and the Elkhorn Ranch Unit. Of the three, the South Unit is the more popular. In the North Unit, the views of the badlands are beautiful, there are several short, fun trails to hike, and there is a very good chance you will spot bison and other wildlife right from your car.

Theodore Roosevelt National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why visit Theodore Roosevelt in September: Theodore Roosevelt National Park’s weather is defined by the seasons. Summers are warm with occasional hot periods. Thunderstorms occur in the afternoons. Spring and fall are mild. Winters can be quite cold with high winds.

Weather: Although some days will be in the 80s, the average high is 74°F and the average low is 42°F. Rainfall is low with only 1.3 inches of rain falling in September.

Sunrise & sunset (South Unit): Sunrise is at 5 am and sunset is at 8:50 pm. The South Unit is in the Mountain Time Zone and the North Unit is in the Central Time Zone.

Theodore Roosevelt National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Top experiences: Hike the Caprock Coulee Trail, enjoy the view from Sperati Point and the Wind Canyon Trail, drive the Scenic Drive in both units, visit the Petrified Forest, hike the Ekblom and Big Plateau Loop, and visit River Bend Overlook.

How many days do you need? If you want to explore both the North and South Units, you will need at least two days in Theodore Roosevelt National Park (one day for each unit).

Plan your visit

Carlsbad Caverns National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

2. Carlsbad Caverns National Park

Location: New Mexico

An underground fantasy land of limestone chambers, stalactites and stalagmites, and long, twisting tunnels is located in the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico.

From late May through October you can watch the Bat Flight program. At the Bat Flight Amphitheater, grab a seat and watch as the bats emerge by the thousands from the natural entrance of the cave. The best time to see the bats is in August and September when the baby bats join the show. The Bat Flight Program takes place every evening and it is weather dependent.

Carlsbad Caverns National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why visit Carlsbad Caverns in September: To watch the Bat Flight Program when bats emerge by the thousands from the natural entrance of the cave.

Weather: Carlsbad Caverns National Park has a semiarid climate with generally mild winters and warm to hot summers. In September, the average high is 83°F and the average low is 60°F. September is one of the wettest months of the year with 2.9 inches of rainfall. The average temperature throughout the cave is 68°F and the relative humidity remains close to a constant 100 percent.

Sunrise & sunset: Sunrise is at 6:20 am and sunset is at 7:40 pm.

Carlsbad Caverns National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Top experiences: Tour the caverns on your own or on a ranger-guided tour.You can also go star gazing, hike a surface trail, or go on a scenic drive. 

How much time do you need? A half to a full day is all you need to explore the caverns on your own and/or take a ranger-guided tour.

Plan Your Visit

Shenandoah National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

3. Shenandoah National Park

Location: Virginia

Shenandoah National Park preserves a section of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia.

Skyline Drive is the main thoroughfare through the park, a road that twists and turns for 105 miles from north to south. For those who want to explore the park beyond Skyline Drive, 500 miles of hiking traverse the park.

Shenandoah is a beautiful park to visit in September. From the viewpoints along Skyline Drive, you can gaze across the mountains and the valleys below.

Shenandoah National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why visit Shenandoah in September: The fall colors begin the last two two weeks of September in the higher elevations. Plus, the weather is perfect for sightseeing and hiking.

Weather: The average high is 66°F and the average low is 58°F. On warmer than average days, it can get up into the high 70s. Rainfall averages about 5 inches per month through the year and September is no different.

Sunrise & sunset: Sunrise is at 7:20 am and sunset is at 6:30 pm.

Top experiences: Drive Skyline Drive and visit the overlooks, hike to the top of Bearfence Mountain, visit Dark Hollow Falls, enjoy the view from Hawksbill Mountain, hike to Mary’s Rock, and hike a section of the Appalachian Trail.

Shenandoah National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Ultimate adventure: For the ultimate adventure, hike Old Rag Mountain, a 9-mile loop trail.

Old Rag is generally considered a challenging route. The best time to hike this trail is May through October. You’ll need to leave pups at home—dogs aren’t allowed on this trail. From March 1-November 30, visitors to Old Rag Mountain including hikers on the Saddle, Ridge, and Ridge Access trails will need to obtain an Old Rag day-use ticket in advance.

How many days do you need? You can drive the length of Skyline Drive in one day, visiting the overlooks and hiking a trail or two. For a more leisurely experience or to do several more hikes plan on spending two or more days in Shenandoah.

Plan your visit

Great Smoky Mountains National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

4. Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Location: Tennessee and North Carolina

Great Smoky Mountains National Park is the most visited national park in the United States. In 2022, over 12 million people visited this park. Second place wasn’t even close (that would be Grand Canyon with 4 million visitors).

This national park straddles the border between Tennessee and North Carolina. The ridgeline of the Great Smoky Mountains runs through the center of the park and it is here that you will find some of the tallest peaks in eastern North America.

With over 100 species of trees that cover various elevations in the park, the peak time for fall colors lasts quite a while in Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

The trees first begin to change color at the higher elevations as early as mid-September. From early to mid-October, the colors slide down the mountains. Peak season comes to an end at the beginning of November when the trees at the lower, warmer elevations finally change colors.

Great Smoky Mountains National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why visit Great Smoky Mountains in September: For great weather for hiking and the beginning of fall colors.

Weather: The average high is 70°F and the average low is 52°F. Rainfall is about 4 inches for September which is one of the driest months of the year. 

Sunrise & sunset: Sunrise is at 7:40 am and sunset is at 7 pm.

Top experiences: Enjoy the view from Clingman’s Dome and Newfound Gap, hike the Alum Trail to Mount LeConte, drive through Cades Cove, and drive the Roaring Fork Motor Trail.

Great Smoky Mountains National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

How many days do you need? You can drive the park’s main roads and visit the highlights of Great Smoky Mountains National Park in one day. To explore the parks more fully plan three to four days and avoid Cades Cove on weekends. Trust me on that one.

Plan your visit

Mesa Verde National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

5. Mesa Verde National Park

Location: Colorado

Located in southwestern Colorado, Mesa Verde National Park is one of the most unique national parks in the United States. This park preserves the ancient Puebloan cliff dwellings and archeological sites that are hundreds of years old. Short hikes, scenic drives, and viewpoints make the to-do list but the best way to experience this park is to get up close with the cliff dwellings on a tour.

Why visit Mesa Verde in September: Fall is one of the best times of year to visit Mesa Verde. There are fewer visitors in the park than during summer and cooler temperatures make conditions more comfortable for hiking and other activities. September brings sunny days, pleasant temperatures, and fewer rainy days.

Weather: The average high is 75°F and the average low is 48°F. Rainfall is low.
Sunrise & sunset: Sunrise is 6 am and sunset is 8:15 pm.

Mesa Verde National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Top experiences: Take a ranger guided tour of a cliff dwelling, see the Spruce Tree House, hike the Petroglyph Point Trail, drive Mesa Top Loop, explore the Far View sites, and hike the Point Lookout Trail.

How many days do you need? One to two days are all you need to take a cliff dwelling tour and go on the scenic drives through the park. Consider spending a night or two in Morefield Campground just four miles from the park entrance. With 267 sites there’s always plenty of space and the campground rarely fills. 

Plan your visit

Bonus! More parks to visit

As stated earlier, September is a great time to visit just about any of the US national parks.

In the east, September is a beautiful time of year to visit New River Gorge National Park.

In the west, the list is long and includes Pinnacles, Sequoia and Kings Canyon, Grand Canyon, and Badlands.

September is still a bit warm for Utah’s Mighty 5 and the American Southwest but the later you go, the cooler it will be. I prefer October into November for these parks.

Bonus! 4 NPS sites to visit in September

Mount St. Helens Volcanic National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument

National park-like amenities tell the story of America’s most infamous active volcano. Gorgeous wildflower-packed views of the volcano can be enjoyed in spots like Bear Meadows while those seeking a closer view of the crater rim may drive to the Windy Ridge viewpoint or even summit the rim of the 8,365-foot volcano with a permit.

Cedar Breaks National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Cedar Breaks National Monument

At first glance, you could be forgiven for thinking this is Bryce Canyon National Park. It looks almost identical to its more famous national park cousin which is located about an hour to the east. Yet with less than a quarter of the annual visitation of Bryce, this small but mighty national monument makes a worthy alternative for those seeking color-packed canyon views stretching across three miles at an elevation of around 10,000 feet.

Aztec Ruins National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Aztec Ruins National Monument

Aztec Ruins National Monument is the largest Ancestral Pueblo community in the Animas River Valley. In use for over 200 years, the site contains several multi-story buildings called great houses, each with a great kiva—a circular ceremonial chamber—as well as many smaller structures. 

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park in Macon, Georgia is a significant Native American landmark dating back over 10,000 years. Visitors can learn about the Mississippian culture, climb atop the seven mounds, and even go inside one of the mounds’ Earth Lodge. Eight miles of walking trails wind through the park including by the namesake river. The park is making efforts to become a national park and hosts annual events like the fall Ocmulgee Indian Celebration (31st annual; September 16-17, 2023).

More Information about the National Parks

Best National Parks to visit by month

January: Best National Parks to Visit in January
February: Best National Parks to Visit in February
March: Best National Parks to Visit in March
April: Best National Parks to Visit in April
May: Best National Parks to Visit in May
June: Best National Parks to Visit in June
July: Best National Parks to Visit in July
August: Best National Parks to Visit in August
September: Best National Parks to Visit in September
October: Best National Parks to Visit in October
November: Best National Parks to Visit in November
December: Best National Parks to Visit in December

Worth Pondering…

Earth and sky, woods and fields, lakes and rivers, the mountain and the sea, are excellent schoolmasters and teach some of us more than we can ever learn from books.

—John Lubbock

The Best National Parks to Visit in July

Wondering where to travel in July? Why not opt for a nature getaway and visit one of America’s National Parks in July!

The national parks are a treasure—beautiful, wild, and full of wonders to see. But there’s more to experience than taking in gorgeous scenery from your vehicle or lookout points. National parks are natural playgrounds, full of possible adventures.

The most famous offerings of the National Park Service (NPS) are the 63 national parks including Arches, Great Smoky Mountains, and Grand Canyon. But there are 424 NPS units across the country that also includes national monuments, national seashores, national recreation areas, national battlefields, and national memorials. These sites are outside the main focus of this guide.

The list of national parks to visit in July is wonderfully diverse. Visit Carlsbad Caverns, go hiking in Lassen Volcanic, spend some time in the tranquil forests in Sequoia and King Canyons National Parks, and explore one of the most underrated US national parks, Theodore Roosevelt.

In this guide, I cover five great parks to visit plus four bonus parks.

Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

About this National Park series

This article is part of a series about the best national parks to visit each month. In this series, every national park is listed at least once and many are listed multiple times. It is a series of 12 articles, one for each month of the year.

These articles take into account weather, crowd levels, the best time to go hiking, special events, road closures, and my personal experiences in the parks. Based on these factors, I picked out what I think are the optimal times to visit each park. Since I haven’t been to all of the national parks I include only the parks we have visited on at lease one occasion.

For an overview of the best time to visit each national park, check out my Best National Parks by Season guide. This guide will cover the best time to visit each national park based on these factors. First are the links to my posts about the best parks to visit, month-by-month. This is followed by a list that illustrates the best time to visit each national park based on weather and crowd levels. Please note this overview will be posted following the completion of this 12 month guide in February 2024.

And at the end of this article, I have links to the other guides in my Best National Parks by Month series.

Lassen Volcanic National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Visiting the National Parks in July

July is the busiest month of the year to visit the national parks. The weather is warm, the days are long, and many people are hitting the road for summer vacation.

By July, all of the national parks are fully open with the last high mountain roads opening by early July. So, you can pretty much visit any park you want. However, some parks are very hot this time of year (particularly across the south and into the American Southwest) and some are extremely crowded (Yellowstone, Rocky Mountain, and Great Smoky Mountains make this list). You won’t see these parks on my list for July but there are some parks with lower crowds and great weather that make excellent picks this month.

IMPORTANT NOTE: The information I provide for each national park does not include temporary road closures, since these dates are constantly changing. Roads can close in the national parks at any time, so I recommend getting updates on the NPS website while planning your trip. 

Best National Parks in July

Lassen Volcanic National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

1. Lassen Volcanic National Park

Location: California

This national park protects Lassen Peak, the largest plug dome volcano in the world. In Lassen Volcanic you’ll see steaming fumaroles, pretty lakes, colorful landscapes, and Lassen Peak.

Snow lingers on the roads and trails at the higher elevation of the park into June and sometimes into early July. If you want to hike to Lassen Peak and have full access to the park, July is the earliest time of the year when this is possible.

Cool fact: Lassen Volcanic National Park one of the only places in the world where you can see all four types of volcanoes: shield, stratovolcano, cinder cone, and plug.

Lassen Volcanic National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why visit Lassen Volcanic in July: By early July, the roads and trails in the higher elevations of the park open, so this is about the earliest you can visit Lassen Volcanic and have full access to the park. Plus, the weather is pretty much perfect this time of year.

Weather: In July, the average high is 72°F and the average low is 40°F. Rainfall is low.

Sunrise & sunset: Sunrise is at 5:30 am and sunset is at 8:40 pm.

Top experiences: Walk Bumpass Hell Trail (isn’t that the best name for a hiking trail?), capture the reflection of Lassen Peak in Manzanita Lake, go for a scenic drive on Lassen Park Highway, visit Kings Creek Falls and Mill Creek Falls, visit Devils Kitchen, and hike to the top of Lassen Peak.

Lassen Volcanic National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Ultimate adventure: Hike to the summit of Brokeoff Mountain for panoramic views of the park. Note, this hike is best attempted in late summer to early fall when the trail is free of snow.

How many days do you need? One day is just enough time to see the highlights but plan on spending two to three days here to hike several more trails and thoroughly explore the park.

Plan your visit

Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

2 & 3. Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks

Location: California

Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks sit side by side in central California. Filled with alpine peaks, deep canyons, and the largest trees in the world, you should spend several days here.

Kings Canyon preserves a glacially carved valley (named Kings Canyon) and Grant Grove which is home to General Grant, the second largest tree in the world.

Sitting right beside Kings Canyon is Sequoia National Park. It is here that you will walk among towering sequoia trees and see the largest tree in the world, the General Sherman.

Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why visit Kings Canyon & Sequoia in July: July is the busiest month of the year to visit but the weather is great.

Weather: The average high is 83°F and the average low is 65°F. Rainfall is very low.

Sunrise & sunset: Sunrise is 5:40 am and sunset is 8:05 pm.

Top experiences: Visit Grant Grove and drive Kings Canyon Scenic Byway, visit Zumwalt Meadows, see the General Sherman Tree, hike Moro Rock, and visit Crescent Meadows.

Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Ultimate experience: Explore the backcountry of Kings Canyon National Park. 77 miles of the Pacific Crest Trail/John Muir Trail runs through Kings Canyon National Park making this a top backpacking destination in the U.S.

How many days do you need? Spend a minimum of one day in each park.

Plan your visit

Theodore Roosevelt National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

4. Theodore Roosevelt National Park

Location: North Dakota

Theodore Roosevelt National Park is a picturesque wilderness of grasslands and badlands. Bison, feral horses, pronghorns, and elk roam the landscapes, hiking trails meander through the colorful bentonite hills, and scenic roads take visitors to numerous stunning overlooks.

This national park is made up of three separate units: the South Unit, the North Unit, and the Elkhorn Ranch Unit. Of the three, the South Unit is the more popular. In the North Unit, the views of the badlands are beautiful, there are several short, fun trails to hike, and there is a very good chance you will spot bison and other wildlife right from your car.

Theodore Roosevelt National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why visit Theodore Roosevelt in July: For those seeking out a little solitude in nature, the somewhat out of the way location of Theodore Roosevelt National Park can be a blessing in disguise. While many national parks are battling traffic congestion and parking problems during the peak summer season, you may see more bison than people during your time at this amazing national park. While summer is the busiest time at the park, though by national park standards, it’s still not very busy. 

Weather: Summer also brings the warmest weather with high temperatures averaging in the 80s, and sometimes into the 90s. Rainfall is relatively low with about 2 inches of rain falling in July.

Sunrise & sunset (South Unit): Sunrise is at 5 am and sunset is at 8:50 pm. The South Unit is in the Mountain Time Zone and the North Unit is in the Central Time Zone.

Theodore Roosevelt National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Top experiences: Hike the Caprock Coulee Trail, enjoy the view from Sperati Point and the Wind Canyon Trail, drive the Scenic Drive in both units, visit the Petrified Forest, hike the Ekblom and Big Plateau Loop, and visit River Bend Overlook.

How many days do you need? If you want to explore both the North and South Units, you will need at least two days in Theodore Roosevelt National Park (one day for each unit).

Plan your visit

Carlsbad Caverns National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

5. Carlsbad Caverns National Park

Location: New Mexico

An underground fantasy land of limestone chambers, stalactites and stalagmites, and long, twisting tunnels is located in the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico.

From late May through October you can watch the Bat Flight program. At the Bat Flight Amphitheater, grab a seat and watch as the bats emerge by the thousands from the natural entrance of the cave. The best time to see the bats is in August and September when the baby bats join the show. The Bat Flight Program takes place every evening and it is weather dependent.

Carlsbad Caverns National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why visit Carlsbad Caverns in July: To watch the Bat Flight Program when bats emerge by the thousands from the natural entrance of the cave.

Weather: In July, the average high is 91°F and the average low is 67°F. July is one of the wettest months of the year with 2 inches of rainfall. The average temperature throughout the cave is 68°F and the relative humidity remains close to a constant 100 percent.

Sunrise & sunset: Sunrise is at 6:20 am and sunset is at 7:40 pm.

Carlsbad Caverns National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Top experiences: Tour the caverns on your own or on a ranger-guided tour. You can also go star gazing, hike a surface trail, or go on a scenic drive. 

How much time do you need? A half to a full day is all you need to explore the caverns on your own and/or take a ranger-guided tour.

Plan your visit

Bonus! 4 NPS sites to visit in July

Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument

National park-like amenities tell the story of America’s most infamous active volcano. Gorgeous wildflower-packed views of the volcano can be enjoyed in spots like Bear Meadows while those seeking a closer view of the crater rim may drive to the Windy Ridge viewpoint or even summit the rim of the 8,365-foot volcano with a permit.

Cumberland Island National Seashore © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Cumberland Island National Seashore

Cumberland Island National Seashore includes one of the largest undeveloped barrier islands in the world. The park is home to a herd of feral, free-ranging horses. Most visitors come to Cumberland for the natural glories, serenity, and fascinating history. Built by the Carnegies, the ruins of the opulent 59-room, Queen Anne-style Dungeness are a must-see for visitors.

Cedar Breaks National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Cedar Breaks National Monument

At first glance, you could be forgiven for thinking this is Bryce Canyon National Park. It looks almost identical to its more famous national park cousin which is located about an hour to the east. Yet with less than a quarter of the annual visitation of Bryce, this small but mighty national monument makes a worthy alternative for those seeking color-packed canyon views stretching across three miles at an elevation of around 10,000 feet.

Glen Canyon National Recreation Area © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Glen Canyon National Recreation Area

Encompassing over 1.25 million acres, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area stretches for hundreds of miles from Lees Ferry in Arizona to the Orange Cliffs of southern Utah. Outdoor activities are what Glen Canyon is all about. There is something for everyone’s taste. 

More Information about the National Parks

Best National Parks to visit by month

January: Best National Parks to Visit in January
February: Best National Parks to Visit in February
March: Best National Parks to Visit in March
April: Best National Parks to Visit in April
May: Best National Parks to Visit in May
June: Best National Parks to Visit in June
July: Best National Parks to Visit in July
August: Best National Parks to Visit in August
September: Best National Parks to Visit in September
October: Best National Parks to Visit in October
November: Best National Parks to Visit in November
December: Best National Parks to Visit in December

Worth Pondering…

Earth and sky, woods and fields, lakes and rivers, the mountain and the sea, are excellent schoolmasters and teach some of us more than we can ever learn from books.

—John Lubbock

16 Under the Radar National Monuments to Visit

For travelers who love to avoid the crowds, these 16 lesser known national monuments may be perfect spots for your next road trip

Since Wyoming’s iconic Devils Tower became the first U.S. National Monument in 1906, America is now populated with well over 100 of these unique cultural and geographic gems. In addition to volcanic landscapes like Malpais and Mount St. Helens and Utah’s oft-photographed Cedar Breaks there are numerous others that you might be less familiar with—and which absolutely merit a visit. From ancient petroglyphs to the geological wonders these are 16 under-the-radar national monuments to visit.

Cedar Breaks National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

1. Cedar Breaks, Utah

Like a mini Bryce Canyon, minus the crowds, Cedar Breaks contains a stunning assortment of hoodoos and cliffs in southern Utah. Technically an amphitheater, the monument is three miles wide and 2,000 feet deep, filled with craggy rock formations jutting up from the base like natural skyscrapers. Considering the monument’s high elevation, it gets cold and snowy in the winter which lends vivid color contrast from the white powder atop the orange-hued hoodoos and lush green forests surrounding it. It’s a popular destination for snowmobilers as well who can ride along the rim and gaze out over the illustrious expanse.

>> Get more tips for visiting Cedar Breaks National Monument

Petroglyph National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

2. Petroglyph, New Mexico

Located on the western edge of Albuquerque lies one of the most concentrated collections of ancient petroglyphs on the continent. Native American tribes settled here hundreds of years ago and they left their mark in the form of symbols carved into volcanic rock across the desert terrain. With around 24,000 images and symbols, there’s plenty to see here. In addition to the petroglyphs, the monument contains hiking trails throughout its 17-mile park along with dormant volcanoes and canyons.

>> Get more tips for visiting Petroglyph National Monument

Organ Pipe National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

3. Organ Pipe Cactus, Arizona

Some folks might be surprised to learn that Arizona has another national park unit dedicated to the preservation of a rare cactus. Saguaro National Park in Tucson is famed far and wide while Organ Pipe Cactus is more of an under-the-radar gem. Located along the Mexican border at the southern edge of the state, the monument is the only place in the U.S. where the organ pipe cactus grows wild. One glimpse at this sprawling, soaring species will clue you in to where the cactus gets its name. An ideal place for desert camping and hiking, the monument also has horseback trails, scenic drives, and biking opportunities.

>> Get more tips for visiting Organ Pipe National Monument

Natural Bridges National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

4. Natural Bridges, Utah

Since natural bridges are formed by running water, they are much rarer than arches which result from a variety of other erosion forces. Natural bridges tend to be found within canyons, sometimes quite hidden whereas arches are usually high and exposed as they are often the last remnants of rock cliffs and ridges. The amazing force of water has cut three spectacular natural bridges. These stunning rock bridges have Hopi Indian names: delicate Owachomo means rock mounds, massive Kachina means dancer while Sipapu, the second largest natural bridge in the state, means place of emergence. A nine-mile scenic drive overlooks the bridges, canyons, and a touch of history with ancient Puebloan ruins.

>> Get more tips for visiting Natural Bridges National Monument

Mount St. Helens National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

6. Mount St. Helens National Monument, Washington

National park-like amenities like the Johnston Ridge Observator tell the story of America’s most infamous active volcano while guided cave walks are available in the monument’s expansive Ape Cave lava tube. Gorgeous wildflower-packed views of the volcano can be enjoyed in spots like Bear Meadows while those seeking a closer view of the crater rim may drive to the Windy Ridge viewpoint or even summit the rim of the 8,365-foot volcano with a permit.

>> Get more tips for visiting Mount St. Helens National Monument

El Malpais National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

7. El Malpais National Monument, New Mexico

The richly diverse volcanic landscape of El Malpais offers solitude, recreation, and discovery. There’s something for everyone here. Explore cinder cones, lava tube caves, sandstone bluffs, and hiking trails. While some may see a desolate environment, people have been adapting to and living in this extraordinary terrain for generations. In the area known as Chain of Craters, 30 cinder cones can be found across the landscape. La Ventana Natural Arch is easily accessible. Trails lead up to the bottom of the free-standing arch for a closer look at this natural wonder.

>> Get more tips for visiting El Malpais National Monument

Canyon de Chelly National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

8. Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Arizona

A one-of-a-kind landscape and the cherished homeland of the Navajo people, Arizona’s Canyon de Chelly National Monument is a truly special place. Sheer cliffs rise on either side of this flat-bottomed, sandy ravine. Native Americans have worked and lived there for thousands of years and today Navajo people still call it home. South Rim Drive and North Rim Drive, each more than 30 miles long, are excellent driving routes along the canyons. The scenery is spectacular, including the White House Ruin cliff dwellings and the 800-foot sandstone spire known as Spider Rock.

>> Get more tips for visiting Canyon de Chelly National Monument

Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

9. Grand Staircase-Escalante, Utah

Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument is phenomenal whether you’re traveling along Scenic Byway 12 or on Highway 89. This area boasts a mixture of colorful sandstone cliffs soaring above narrow slot canyons, picturesque washes, and seemingly endless Slickrock. The monument is a geologic sampler with a huge variety of formations, features, and world-class paleontological sites. A geological formation spanning eons of time, the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument is a territory of multicolored cliffs, plateaus, mesas, buttes, pinnacles, and canyons. It is divided into three distinct sections: the Grand Staircase, the Kaiparowits Plateau, and the Canyons of the Escalante.

>> Get more tips for visiting Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument

Hovenweep National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

10. Hovenweep, Utah and Colorado

Human habitation at Hovenweep dates to over 10,000 years ago when nomadic Paleoindians visited the Cajon Mesa to gather food and hunt game. These people used the area for centuries following the seasonal weather patterns. By about 900, people started to settle at Hovenweep year-round, planting and harvesting crops in the rich soil of the mesa top. The towers of Hovenweep were built from about 500 to 1300. Similarities in architecture, masonry, and pottery styles indicate that the inhabitants of Hovenweep were closely associated with groups living at Mesa Verde and other nearby sites.

>> Get more tips for visiting Hovenweep National Monument

Montezuma Castle National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

11. Montezuma Castle, Arizona

Montezuma Castle National Monument is dedicated to preserving Native American culture. This 20 room high-rise apartment nestled into a towering limestone cliff, tells a story of ingenuity, survival, and ultimately, prosperity in an unforgiving desert landscape. Although people were living in the area much earlier, the Sinagua began building permanent living structures—the dwellings you see at the monument—around 1050.

>> Get more tips for visiting Montezuma Castle National Monument

Tuzigoot National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

12. Tuzigoot, Arizona

This village was built high on a limestone ridge over a hundred feet above the floodplains of the Verde River. It has clear lines of sight in every direction and can easily be seen from many of the other hills and pueblos in the area. Tuzigoot was a prime spot to build with excellent views, easy access to reliable, year-round water, and floodplains where cultivation of water-intensive crops like cotton was relatively easy.

>> Get more tips for visiting Tuzigoot National Monument

El Morro National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

13. El Morro National Monument, New Mexico

Rising 200 feet above the valley floor, this massive sandstone bluff was a welcome landmark for weary travelers. A reliable year-round source of drinking water at its base made El Morro a popular campsite in this otherwise rather arid and desolate country. At the base of the bluff called Inscription Rock are seven centuries of inscriptions covering human interaction with this spot.

>> Get more tips for visiting El Morro National Monument

Casa Grande Ruins National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

14. Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, Arizona

Explore the mystery and complexity of an extended network of communities and irrigation canals. An Ancestral Sonoran Desert People’s farming community and Great House is preserved at Casa Grande Ruins. Archeologists have discovered evidence that the ancestral Sonoran Desert people who built the Casa Grande also developed wide-scale irrigation farming and extensive trade connections which lasted over a thousand years until about 1450.

>> Get more tips for visiting Casa Grande Ruins National Monument

Chiricahua National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

15. Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona

A Wonderland of Rocks is waiting for you to explore at Chiricahua National Monument. Rising sometimes hundreds of feet into the air, many of these pinnacles are balancing on a small base seemingly ready to topple over at any time. The 8-mile paved scenic drive and 17-miles of day-use hiking trails provide opportunities to discover the beauty, natural sounds, and inhabitants of this 12,025-acre site.

Aztec Ruins National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

16. Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico

Built and used over a 200-year period, Aztec Ruins is the largest Ancestral Pueblo community in the Animas River valley. Concentrated on and below a terrace overlooking the Animas River, the people at Aztec built several multi-story buildings called great houses and many smaller structures. Associated with each great house was a great kiva—a large circular chamber used for ceremonies. In addition, they modified the landscape with dozens of linear swales called roads, earthen berms, and platforms

>> Get more tips for visiting Aztec Ruins National Monument

Worth Pondering…

The time to prepare for your next expedition is when you have just returned from a successful trip.

—Robert Peary

The Best National Parks to Visit in June

Wondering where to travel in June? Why not opt for a nature getaway and visit one of America’s National Parks in June!

The national parks are a treasure—beautiful, wild, and full of wonders to see. But there’s more to experience than taking in gorgeous scenery from your vehicle or lookout points. National parks are natural playgrounds, full of possible adventures.

The most famous offerings of the National Park Service (NPS) are the 63 national parks including Arches, Great Smoky Mountains, and Grand Canyon. But there are 424 NPS units across the country that also includes national monuments, national seashores, national recreation areas, national battlefields, and national memorials. These sites are outside the main focus of this guide.

The list of national parks to visit in June is wonderfully diverse. Visit the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, go hiking in Lassen Volcanic, spend some time in the tranquil forests in Sequoia and King Canyons National Parks, and explore one of the most underrated national parks, Theodore Roosevelt.

In this guide, I cover six great parks to visit plus four bonus parks.

Sequoia National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

About this National Park series

This article is part of a series about the best national parks to visit each month. In this series, every national park is listed at least once and many are listed multiple times. It is a series of 12 articles, one for each month of the year.

These articles take into account weather, crowd levels, the best time to go hiking, special events, road closures, and my personal experiences in the parks. Based on these factors, I picked out what I think are the optimal times to visit each park. Since I haven’t been to all of the national parks I include only the parks we have visited on at lease one occasion.

For an overview of the best time to visit each national park, check out my Best National Parks by Season guide. This guide will cover the best time to visit each national park based on these factors. First are the links to my posts about the best parks to visit, month-by-month. This is followed by a list that illustrates the best time to visit each national park based on weather and crowd levels. Please note this overview will be posted following the completion of this 12 month guide in February 2024.

And at the end of this article, I have links to the other guides in my Best National Parks by Month series.

Lassen Volcanic National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Visiting the National Parks in June

From the end of May into June, numerous parks fully open their roads. In June, the weather is warm and the days are the longest of the year giving you plenty of time to explore the parks.

IMPORTANT NOTE: The information I provide for each national park does not include temporary road closures, since these dates are constantly changing. Roads can close in the national parks at any time, so I recommend getting updates on the NPS website while planning your trip. 

Best National Parks in June

Sequoia National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

1 & 2. Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks

Location: California

Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks sit side by side in central California. Filled with alpine peaks, deep canyons, and the largest trees in the world, you should spend several days here.

Kings Canyon preserves a glacially carved valley (named Kings Canyon) and Grant Grove which is home to General Grant, the second largest tree in the world.

Sitting right beside Kings Canyon is Sequoia National Park. It is here that you will walk among towering sequoia trees and see the largest tree in the world, the General Sherman.

Sequoia National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why Visit Kings Canyon & Sequoia in June: The weather is pretty much perfect and crowd levels aren’t yet at their peak levels (that usually occurs in July and August).

Weather: The average high is 71°F and the average low is 46°F. Rainfall is very low.

Sunrise & sunset: Sunrise is 5:30 am and sunset is 8:15 pm.

Top experiences: Visit Grant Grove and drive Kings Canyon Scenic Byway, visit Zumwalt Meadows, see the General Sherman Tree, hike Moro Rock, and visit Crescent Meadows.

Sequoia National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Ultimate experience: Explore the backcountry of Kings Canyon National Park. 77 miles of the Pacific Crest Trail/John Muir Trail runs through Kings Canyon National Park making this a top backpacking destination in the U.S.

How Many Days Do You Need? Spend a minimum of one day in each park.

Plan your visit

Grand Canyon National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

3. Grand Canyon National Park

Location: Arizona

Awe-inspiring, jaw-dropping, extraordinary…these are all words that describe the Grand Canyon. But in all honesty, words, and even photos, cannot quite capture what it is like to stand on the rim and gaze out across the canyon.

This massive national park has several sections to it. Most visitors spend their time on the South Rim where roads and hiking trails lead to stunning viewpoints of the Grand Canyon. This is also the place to hike the South Kaibab and Bright Angel Trails.

In mid-May, the road to the North Rim opens. If you visit the Grand Canyon in June, you have the option to add on the North Rim and it’s worth it. Be aware that the travel distance between the North Rim and the South Rim is 210 miles.

Grand Canyon National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why visit the Grand Canyon in June: To visit the North Rim of the Grand Canyon which opens in mid-May. Now that the North Rim is open it’s also possible to hike the Grand Canyon rim-to-rim but just be aware that temperatures in the canyon will be very hot. A better time to do this hike is September into October when the temperatures are cooler and the North Rim is still open. 

Weather: On the South Rim, the average high is 82°F and the average low is 63°F. The high temperature can climb up to 100°F on unusually hot days. Below the rim, temperatures are much hotter. Down by the Colorado River, the temperature can easily be over 110°F.

Sunrise & sunset: Sunrise is at 5 am and sunset is at 7:40 pm.

Top experiences: Visit the South Rim viewpoints, enjoy the view of the Grand Canyon at sunrise and/or sunset, hike below the rim on the Bright Angel or South Kaibab Trail, and take a flightseeing tour by airplane or helicopter.

Grand Canyon National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Ultimate adventure: Hike the Grand Canyon rim-to-rim. This is a massive day hike and should only be attempted by those with excellent fitness and lots of hiking experience.

How much time do you need? I recommend spending two to three days on the South Rim to visit the highlights. Three days gives you enough time to visit the best overlooks on the South Rim, go on a helicopter ride, and spend some time hiking below the rim.

Plan your visit

Lassen Volcanic National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

4. Lassen Volcanic National Park

Location: California

This national park protects Lassen Peak, the largest plug dome volcano in the world. In some ways, it’s like a combination of Yellowstone + Mount Rainer just on a smaller scale. At Lassen Volcanic, you’ll see steaming fumaroles, pretty lakes, colorful landscapes, and Lassen Peak.

Cool fact: Lassen Volcanic National Park one of the few places in the world where you can see all four types of volcanoes: shield, stratovolcano, cinder cone, and plug.

Lassen Volcanic National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why visit Lassen Volcanic in June: In May and June, the snow is melting in the park and many of the roads are cleared of snow. By June, many of the roads and trails around Manzanita Lake are open. However, some roads and trails at the higher elevation (for example, Lassen Peak), may not open until July. If you want full access to the park, delay your visit for the second half of July into August. However, crowds are also at their peak in July so if you want good weather and fewer crowds, June is a nice time to visit Lassen Volcanic.

Weather: In June, the average high is 71°F and the average low is 36°F. Rainfall is low.

Sunrise & sunset: Sunrise is at 5:30 am and sunset is at 8:40 pm.

Lassen Volcanic National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Top experiences: Walk Bumpass Hell Trail (isn’t that the best name for a hiking trail?), capture the reflection of Lassen Peak in Manzanita Lake, go for a scenic drive on Lassen Park Highway, visit Kings Creek Falls and Mill Creek Falls, visit Devils Kitchen, and hike to the top of Lassen Peak.

Ultimate adventure: Hike to the summit of Brokeoff Mountain for panoramic views of the park. Note, this hike is best attempted in late summer to early fall when the trail is free of snow.

How many days do you need? One day is just enough time to drive through the park and see the highlights but plan on spending two to three days here to hike several more trails and thoroughly explore the park.

Plan your visit

Theodore Roosevelt National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

5. Theodore Roosevelt National Park

Location: North Dakota

Theodore Roosevelt National Park is a picturesque wilderness of grasslands and badlands. Bison, feral horses, pronghorns, and elk roam the landscapes, hiking trails meander through the colorful bentonite hills, and scenic roads take visitors to numerous stunning overlooks.

This national park is made up of three separate units: the South Unit, the North Unit, and the Elkhorn Ranch Unit. Of the three, the South Unit is the more popular. In the North Unit, the views of the badlands are beautiful, there are several short, fun trails to hike, and there is a very good chance you will spot bison and other wildlife right from your car.

Theodore Roosevelt National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why visit Theodore Roosevelt in June: Unless you are here during a heat wave, the weather is warm and fantastic. June is the beginning of the busy summer season but crowds are lower in June than the rest of the summer and the weather is cooler.

Weather: The average high is 64°F and the average low is 53°F. On hotter than average days the temperature can get up into the 80s. This is one of the wettest months of the year however rainfall is still relatively low with about 3 inches of rain falling in June.

Sunrise & sunset (South Unit): Sunrise is at 5 am and sunset is at 8:50 pm. The South Unit is in the Mountain Time Zone and the North Unit is in the Central Time Zone.

Theodore Roosevelt National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Top experiences: Hike the Caprock Coulee Trail, enjoy the view from Sperati Point and the Wind Canyon Trail, drive the Scenic Drive in both units, visit the Petrified Forest, hike the Ekblom and Big Plateau Loop, and visit River Bend Overlook.

How many days do you need? If you want to explore both the North and South Units, you will need at least two days in Theodore Roosevelt National Park (one day for each unit).

Plan your visit

New River Gorge National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

6. New River Gorge National Park

Location: West Virginia

For millions of years, the New River has been carving out a 73,000 acre gorge in West Virginia. The sandstone cliffs and whitewater rapids create world-class rock climbing and whitewater rafting destinations. Hiking and mountain biking trails wind through the forests leading to overlooks and historic settlements.

This is a newcomer to the US national parks list. New River Gorge officially became a national park in 2020 but it has long been a whitewater rafting destination in the United States.

New River Gorge National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why visit New River Gorge in June: With warm weather this is a great time to go hiking and biking in New River Gorge National Park. The water temperature is also warming up so this also becomes a good time to go whitewater rafting.

Weather: The average high is 78°F and the average low is 60°F. June is one of the wettest months of the year.

Sunrise & sunset: Sunrise is at 6:00 am and sunset is at 8:50 pm.

New River Gorge National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Top experiences: Do the Bridge Walk, hike the Long Point Trail, drive Fayette Station Road, go mountain biking and rock climbing, enjoy the view from Grandview Overlook, hike the Castle Rock Trail, and visit Sandstone Falls.

Ultimate adventure: Go white water rafting on the New River (rafting season is April through October).

How many days do you need? If you want to visit the three main areas of New River Gorge National Park (Canyon Rim, Grandview, and Sandstone) and have enough time to go whitewater rafting, you will need three to four days. However, with less time, you can visit the highlights and hike a few of the trails.

Plan your visit

Bonus! 4 NPS sites to visit in June

Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument

National park-like amenities tell the story of America’s most infamous active volcano. Gorgeous wildflower-packed views of the volcano can be enjoyed in spots like Bear Meadows while those seeking a closer view of the crater rim may drive to the Windy Ridge viewpoint or even summit the rim of the 8,365-foot volcano with a permit.

Cedar Breaks National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Cedar Breaks National Monument

At first glance, you could be forgiven for thinking this is Bryce Canyon National Park. It looks almost identical to its more famous national park cousin which is located about an hour to the east. Yet with less than a quarter of the annual visitation of Bryce, this small but mighty national monument makes a worthy alternative for those seeking color-packed canyon views stretching across three miles at an elevation of around 10,000 feet.

Colonial National Historical Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Colonial National Historical Park

Want to go way back in American history? Then you’ll head to some of the first colonies in the New World. The Colonial National Historical Park in Virginia covers Historic Jamestowne (the first permanent English settlement in North America) and Yorktown Battlefield (site of the last major battle of the Revolutionary War).

Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site

The Vanderbilt Mansion is a symbol of a country in the grip of change after the Civil War. Visitors to the Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site will learn about the architecture and landscaping of the grounds as well as the influence of the Vanderbilt family.

More information about the National Parks

Theodore Roosevelt National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Best National Parks to visit by month

January: Best National Parks to Visit in January
February: Best National Parks to Visit in February
March: Best National Parks to Visit in March
April: Best National Parks to Visit in April
May: Best National Parks to Visit in May
June: Best National Parks to Visit in June
July: Best National Parks to Visit in July
August: Best National Parks to Visit in August
September: Best National Parks to Visit in September
October: Best National Parks to Visit in October
November: Best National Parks to Visit in November
December: Best National Parks to Visit in December

Worth Pondering…

However one reaches the parks, the main thing is to slow down and absorb the natural wonders at leisure.

—Michael Frome

Celebrate Volcano Week!

Volcano Week 2023 takes place during the first week of February

It’s Volcano Week! You may not have heard of this annual celebration hosted by the National Park Service (NPS) but it’s the perfect opportunity to learn more about the lava-filled peaks that continue to shape our Earth. 

There are about 1,350 potentially active volcanoes around the world, 161 of which are in the U.S. and its territories.

Volcano Week 2023 takes place February 5-11.

El Malpais National Monument, New Mexico © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

“Some volcanic eruptions are witnessed by people who remember what they’ve seen by writing it down, painting about it, telling stories, or collecting detailed scientific data. Other eruptions go unseen, hidden in the distant past. How do we discover, learn about, and remember those eruptions? We have to look at many lines of evidence to reconstruct the activity and eruptions of volcanoes,” the park service said.

Volcanoes are diverse! They range from the majestic Mount Rainier to colossal shield volcanoes like Mauna Loa (Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park) and volcanic fields that can cover hundreds of square miles such as at Craters of the Moon National Monument.

Some volcanoes are picturesque, others less so. They vary in size from small cinder cones that stand only a few hundred feet tall to the most massive mountains on earth. Some have textbook-perfect conical shapes and others are more irregular in form.

Petroglyph National Monument, New Mexico © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Some volcanoes erupt only once and last for only a few days or less while others may have periods of activity that span expanses of time as great as a few million years.

Each volcano is somewhat unique, but most can be classified into several types. The most common types of volcanoes are cinder cones, composite volcanoes (stratovolcanoes), shield volcanoes, and volcanic domes.

Several other types of volcanoes exist and are part of the diversity of volcanic landforms found on land. Examples of these volcanoes are also found in national parks.

Lassen Volcanic National Park, California © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Cinder cone volcanoes

Cinder cones are the most common type of volcano in the world. They may look like an idealized depiction of a volcano as they are steep, conical hills that usually have a prominent crater at the top. Cinder cones are the most common type of volcano in the National Park System.

Capulin Volcano and Sunset Crater Volcano national monuments were established specifically to preserve especially large and picturesque cinder cones. These volcanoes are the tallest cinder cones in the National Park System with a height of approximately 1,000 feet each. Wizard Island in Crater Lake National Park is a cinder cone that formed after the caldera-forming eruption.

El Malpais National Monument, New Mexico © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

At least 24 units in the National Park System contain cinder cones, including:

Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Composite volcanoes

Composite volcanoes can be the most picturesque of all volcanoes. A classic composite volcano is conical with a concave shape that is steeper near the top. These mountains commonly have snow-covered peaks standing high above the surrounding mountainous terrain.

Composite cones are large volcanoes (many thousands of feet tall) generally composed of lava flows, pyroclastic deposits, and mudflow (lahar) deposits, as well as lava domes. Composite volcanoes are active over long periods (tens to hundreds of thousands of years) and erupt periodically. Composite volcanoes are also called stratovolcanoes.

Mount Rainier is an active volcano and the tallest peak in the Pacific Northwest. It is also considered to be the most dangerous volcano in the Lower 48. Brokeoff Volcano (Mount Tehama) in Lassen Volcanic National Park is a deeply eroded large composite volcano. It consisted of lava domes, lava flows, and pyroclastic deposits that are between 590,000 and 385,000 years old.

Lassen Volcanic National Park, California © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

At least eight units of the National Park System contain composite volcanoes, including:

Petroglyph National Monument, New Mexico © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Shield volcanoes

Although shield volcanoes are the largest volcanoes on Earth, they do not form soaring mountains with conical peaks like composite volcanoes. Instead, they are broad volcanoes with gentle slopes and are shaped somewhat like a warrior’s shield lying flat on the Earth. Shield volcanoes have a convex shape as they are flatter near the summit.

Shield volcanoes are truly massive with volumes that dwarf other types of volcanoes even large composite volcanoes. Shield volcanoes are usually constructed almost entirely of basaltic and/or andesitic lava flows which were very fluid when erupted. They are built by repeated eruptions that occurred intermittently over vast periods (up to a million years or longer).

Mount St. Helens National Monument, Washington © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

At least 13 units of the National Park System contain shield volcanoes, including:

Lassen Peak, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Volcanic Domes

Domes form from the slow extrusion of highly-viscous silicic lava. These lavas are too thick to spread out into a lava flow. Most domes are small and many do not have a crater. Domes are sometimes called lava domes.

Lassen Volcanic National Park contains multiple lava domes. Lassen Peak (see above photo) is the world’s largest dome with a peak elevation of 10,457 feet. It was emplaced 27,000 years ago. Chaos Crags are a set of six lava domes that grew during eruptions approximately 1,050 years ago. In Valles Caldera National Preserve, at least seven lava dome complexes formed along the ring fracture of the Valles Caldera during post-caldera volcanic activity.

Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Park, Washington © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

At least 12 units of the National Park System contain volcanic domes, including:

Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Other types of volcanoes

Maars and tuff rings

Maars and tuff rings are low-standing volcanoes with wide, bowl-shaped craters. They commonly have a donut-like profile. Their low edifices consist of shallowly-dipping deposits of tuff made mostly of ash and angular, nonvesicular pebble-sized pyroclasts (lapilli).

A maar is a volcanic crater in which the crater lies below the surrounding ground level and is surrounded by a low pyroclastic cone. Because they are topographic lows, maars frequently contain lakes in their craters. A tuff ring is a pyroclastic cone with a crater above the surrounding ground surface. Tuff ring craters are usually dry.

Big Bend National Park, Texas © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

At least six units of the National Park System contain maars or tuff rings, including:

El Malpais National Monument, New Mexico © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Fissure volcanoes

Fissure volcanoes are produced by eruptions that occur along elongated fissures versus at a central vent. Fissure eruptions occur when magma-filled dikes intersect the surface. Fissure eruptions usually do not build substantial edifices but instead, feed lava flows that can travel great distances. Fissure eruptions may also occur in rift zones on shield volcanoes. They also frequently occur in monogenetic volcanic fields.

Fissure eruptions may be large or small, depending on the magma supply and length of the fissure. Fissure volcanoes have been the site of the largest volume of volcanic eruptions in Earth’s history in terms of the magnitude of lava erupted.

Mount St. Helens, Washington © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

At least four units of the National Park System contain fissure volcanoes, including:

Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Monogenetic volcanic fields

Volcanic fields are clusters of volcanoes or areas covered by volcanic rocks. Monogenetic volcanic fields consist mostly (or exclusively) of monogenetic volcanoes. These volcanoes (cinder cones, maars, tuff rings, and eruptive fissures) each experience one period of activity. Most monogenetic volcanic fields include areas covered by basaltic lava flows and clusters of cinders cones and/or maars and tuff rings, sometimes with a composite volcano or shield volcano located near the center of the field.

Chiricachua National Monument, Arizona © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

At least 13 units of the National Park system contain all or parts of monogenetic volcanic fields, including:

Chiricachua National Monument, Arizona © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Calderas

Calderas are collapse features that form during large-volume volcanic eruptions when the underlying magma chamber is partially emptied and the ground above it subsides into it. Calderas are large, generally with a diameter greater than 0.6 miles. The largest calderas are tens of miles wide. A defining characteristic of calderas is that they have diameters that are much wider than their included vents.

Saguaro National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

At least 16 units of the National Park System contain calderas, including:

Worth Pondering…

Each volcano is an independent machine—nay, each vent and monticule is for the time being engaged in its own peculiar business, cooking as it were its special dish which in due time is to be separately served. We have instances of vents within hailing distance of each other pouring out totally different kinds of lava, neither sympathizing with the other in any discernible manner nor influencing other in any appreciable degree.

—Clarence Edward Dutton, Report on the Geology of the High Plateaus of Utah (1880)