Cowpens National Battlefield: A Slow Travel Guide to History

Some of America’s most important places don’t announce themselves. Explore Cowpens National Battlefield through the lens of slow travel and discover how one quiet South Carolina meadow became the site of a Revolutionary War turning point that still speaks to travelers today.

History isn’t hidden away under lock and key or reserved for scholars. It waits in old towns, along forgotten roads, inside weathered buildings, and across quiet landscapes that many travelers pass without a second thought.

The challenge isn’t finding history. It’s taking the time to notice it.

We often assume we already understand the past because we studied it in school or watched a documentary years ago. Yet history reveals new lessons each time we return to it. As our lives change so does the way we understand the people who came before us—their struggles, decisions, successes, and failures.

That’s one of the reasons I enjoy visiting historic places in our motorhome. Slow travel gives us the freedom to move beyond the highlights and spend time where history actually happened. Walking the ground, reading the stories, and seeing the landscape for ourselves creates a connection no textbook can provide.

Begin your visit at the visitor center, where exhibits and a short film provide the historical context before you walk the battlefield where Daniel Morgan’s remarkable victory unfolded. © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Seeing Cowpens through a different lens

Sometimes returning to a place reveals a story you missed the first time

Several years ago, I wrote about the Battle of Cowpens and the remarkable American victory that unfolded here on January 17, 1781. In this article, I want to look at Cowpens National Battlefield from a different perspective.

At first glance, it seems almost too ordinary to have changed the course of history. There are no towering fortress walls or dramatic ruins rising above the landscape. Instead, you’ll find an open meadow bordered by woodlands, walking trails winding quietly through the countryside, and a peaceful setting where it is hard to imagine that one of the Revolutionary War’s most brilliant victories unfolded.

Yet that is precisely what makes Cowpens so rewarding for slow travelers.

Some of history’s greatest stories happened in places that whisper instead of shout. They simply ask that we slow down long enough to hear them.

Walking the battlefield fields at Cowpens, where a quiet South Carolina pasture became the setting for one of the American Revolution’s most important victories. © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

An ordinary field with an extraordinary story

The quietest landscapes sometimes hold the loudest moments in history

More than two centuries ago, the quiet landscape at Cowpens was a backcountry pasture where local farmers brought their cattle to graze. On a cold January morning in 1781, this unassuming piece of ground became the setting for one of the most significant victories of the American Revolution.

Here, a smaller American force led by Brigadier General Daniel Morgan faced a larger British force commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton. What followed was more than a battle between armies. It was a victory built on leadership, adaptability, and understanding the strengths of ordinary people.

The battlefield itself became part of Morgan’s strategy.

The gentle rise of the land, the open fields, and the surrounding terrain helped transform apparent disadvantages into opportunity. What appears today to be little more than a peaceful pasture became the ground where an American commander changed the course of history.

Why here?

Why these people?

How did they overcome the challenges they faced?

Those are the questions that bring history to life.

The peaceful fields of Cowpens National Battlefield invite visitors to slow down and imagine the events of January 17, 1781. © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Daniel Morgan: The leader who understood his people

Great victories often begin with leaders who recognize the strengths hidden inside ordinary people

Before Cowpens became one of the most important victories of the American Revolution, it became a test of leadership.

At the center of that test stood Brigadier General Daniel Morgan, a frontier soldier whose life had prepared him for the challenges waiting on that South Carolina battlefield.

Morgan was not a traditional eighteenth-century military commander. He came from humble beginnings and learned through experience—on the frontier, through hardship, and alongside the ordinary men who would eventually fight under his command.

That background mattered.

Morgan understood his soldiers because he was one of them.

His own life had been marked by hardship. Wounded during the French and Indian War and famously punished after confronting a British officer, Morgan carried both the scars and the perspective that came from overcoming adversity.

When Morgan looked at his army, he did not see its weaknesses. He saw its strengths. He earned his soldiers’ trust by building his leadership around what they could do rather than what they could not.

That may be Morgan’s greatest lesson for travelers standing on this battlefield today.

History remembers generals and famous names but every victory is built on ordinary people who follow, sacrifice, and believe.

Daniel Morgan understood that.

And because he understood his people, he changed the course of history.

An artist’s interpretation of the Battle of Cowpens helps visitors visualize the decisive American victory that unfolded across this peaceful South Carolina landscape on January 17, 1781. © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

A victory built on adaptability

Great leaders don’t ask people to become someone else. They build success around the strengths they already possess

On paper, the Battle of Cowpens favored the British. Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton commanded experienced troops while Daniel Morgan’s smaller force included both seasoned Continental soldiers and local militia whose reliability had often been questioned.

Morgan knew he could not defeat the British by fighting on their terms.

Instead, he built a plan around the strengths of his own men.

The riflemen opened the battle using the greater range of their long rifles to disrupt the British advance. Behind them, the militia fired several well-aimed volleys before withdrawing in an orderly fashion. The Continental soldiers waited behind the gentle rise of the land, ready for the decisive moment.

Believing the Americans were retreating, the British pressed forward. In reality, they were moving exactly where Morgan wanted them. When the American lines turned and counterattacked, the British force that had expected victory suddenly found itself overwhelmed.

The battle lasted little more than an hour.

The victory at Cowpens did more than defeat one of Britain’s most aggressive commanders in the South. It shifted the momentum of the Revolutionary War and helped set the stage for Cornwallis’s surrender at Yorktown later that year.

Standing on the battlefield today, it is easy to see only a peaceful meadow.

Yet this quiet landscape reminds us that history often turns not on overwhelming strength but on leadership, preparation, and the ability to adapt.

Walking the battlefield trail allows visitors to experience the landscape that shaped one of the American Revolution’s most brilliant victories. © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Walking the battlefield where history happened

Some places reveal their stories only when we slow down enough to walk them

One of the great gifts of visiting a historic battlefield is the opportunity to step away from the pages of a book and stand where history happened.

At Cowpens National Battlefield, that experience begins simply.

The visitor center provides exhibits, a short film, and displays that place the events of January 17, 1781 into context. But the real story begins when you step outside and walk the ground itself.

The battlefield loop trail winds through peaceful fields and woodlands. With each step, the landscape begins to take on new meaning.

The gentle rise of the land becomes part of Morgan’s strategy. The open field becomes the place where riflemen, militia, and Continental soldiers each played a role in a carefully planned victory.

A quick visit provides the facts. Lingering allows us to imagine the people behind them.

What did the soldiers see as they waited for the British advance?

What did they feel knowing retreat was not an option?

How did ordinary people find the courage to stand their ground when the outcome was uncertain?

Those are the questions that keep historic places alive.

Cowpens does not overwhelm visitors with grandeur. Its power lies in the contrast between the peaceful landscape we see today and the extraordinary events that unfolded here more than two centuries ago.

A peaceful field.

A quiet trail.

A story of courage, uncertainty, leadership, and determination.

That is the reward of slowing down.

The landscape begins to speak.

A slow walk across the Cowpens battlefield offers a powerful connection to the people and events that changed the course of the Revolutionary War. © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why Cowpens matters to slow travelers

The best destinations are not always the ones that impress us at first glance. They are the ones that stay with us after we leave.

One of the reasons I enjoy traveling by motorhome is the freedom to explore places that others often overlook.

We are not limited to the destinations that fill travel brochures. We can follow our curiosity and spend time in places where the stories are not always obvious.

Cowpens National Battlefield is exactly that kind of place.

It is not a destination most travelers would place alongside America’s most famous parks or iconic landmarks. There are no towering mountains, dramatic waterfalls, or spectacular views demanding attention.

Instead, Cowpens offers something different.

It offers perspective.

For RV travelers, especially those who know the journey matters as much as the destination, places like Cowpens remind us why we travel. We are not simply collecting photographs or checking names off a list. We are searching for connections—to the landscape, to the people who came before us, and sometimes to ourselves.

A battlefield may seem like an unusual place for reflection but history is filled with people who faced uncertainty, difficult choices, and circumstances beyond their control.

Their questions still resonate.

How do we respond when conditions change?

How do we make the best use of what we have?

How do we find courage when the outcome is uncertain?

Daniel Morgan’s victory was not built on perfect circumstances. It came from understanding reality, adapting to challenges, and recognizing strengths others overlooked.

A hurried visitor may see a quiet field and move on. A slower traveler has time to ask why this place mattered, learn its story, and carry something meaningful away.

The destination may only take an afternoon.

The lessons can last much longer.

The walking trails at Cowpens National Battlefield invite visitors to slow down, reflect, and experience the landscape where one of the American Revolution’s most decisive victories unfolded. © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Reflection: History is waiting for those who slow down

The places we almost pass by are often the ones that teach us the most

When we travel by motorhome, we have a choice that many travelers do not.

We can hurry from one destination to the next, collecting sights and photographs along the way. Or we can slow down, follow our curiosity, and allow a place to reveal the stories it has been holding for generations.

Cowpens National Battlefield is a perfect example.

At first glance, it is simply a quiet field in South Carolina. Nothing about the landscape suggests that a turning point in American history unfolded here.

But that is exactly why places like Cowpens matter.

History is not found only in grand monuments, famous cities, or destinations that draw millions of visitors. Sometimes it waits in ordinary places—a pasture, a small town, a forgotten road—asking only that we look closer.

Standing on this battlefield, it is impossible not to think about the people who stood here more than two centuries ago.

They adapted.

They endured.

They made decisions that shaped the future.

Perhaps that is why historic places continue to call to us.

They remind us not only of what happened, but of what people are capable of when facing extraordinary challenges.

The most meaningful destinations are not always the most spectacular. Sometimes they are the places that stay with us long after we leave.

Cowpens is one of those places.

The battlefield does not demand attention.

It quietly offers an invitation.

Slow down.

Walk the ground.

Listen to the story.

History is waiting.

We simply have to take the time to notice.

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Editor’s note

This article was originally published in July 2026. Information reflects what was accurate at the time of writing. Conditions, access, and amenities may change over time, so please verify current details before planning your trip.

To maintain transparency and editorial independence, this website contains no ads, no sponsored content, and no affiliate links—just firsthand RV travel experiences and practical information for fellow travelers.

Boston Without the Price Tag: 10 Free Ways to Explore the City

Here are 10 free things to do in Boston including those along the Freedom Trail and other attractions. These free activities provide a mix of history, culture, nature, and urban charm without cost.

There are many free things to do from coast to coast in the U.S. and for those on the Atlantic Coast, Boston is home to a number of those things. Boston is a city with a rich history and culture with many things to see and do for visitors of all ages. Whether strolling through the historic neighborhoods that played pivotal roles in American history, looking for cheap places to visit, or simply savoring the natural beauty that Boston has to offer there’s something for everyone.

One of the joys of visiting Boston is wandering through its picturesque neighborhoods each with its unique charm and character. This city, known for its revolutionary past and modern innovations generously opens its doors to visitors seeking memorable experiences without the burden of hefty admission fees. Here are some surprisingly free things to do in Boston that truly cost zero to enjoy.

Freedom Trail © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

1. Explore attractions and American history at Faneuil Hall

Browse shops, watch street performers, and see the “Cradle of Liberty” where patriots once gathered

Faneuil Hall, often referred to as the “Cradle of Liberty” is a vibrant marketplace located in the heart of Boston’s downtown area. This architectural gem is not only an iconic landmark but also offers a plethora of free experiences to travelers and history enthusiasts alike. It’s among the top-rated attractions in Boston to add to the itinerary when visiting.

Beyond its architectural splendor Faneuil Hall also offers visitors the chance to soak up American history. The site played a pivotal role in the American Revolution and remains a symbol of free speech and democracy.

  • Location: Faneuil Hall Marketplace is located on Boston’s historic Freedom Trail. It is a short walk from the State, Haymarket, and Government Center MBTA Stations.
  • Operating hours: Monday-Saturday, 10 am-9 pm; Sunday, 11 am-7 pm (holiday, restaurant, and store hours may vary)
USS Constitution © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

2. Learn about naval history at the USS Constitution museum

Step aboard “Old Ironsides,” the world’s oldest commissioned warship still afloat

Step into living history at the USS Constitution Museum, where the story of “Old Ironsides” comes to life alongside the legendary USS Constitution—the world’s oldest commissioned warship still afloat.

This unique attraction immerses visitors in the ship’s remarkable past through artifacts, hands-on exhibits, and engaging displays that bring its long service into focus. From its construction in the late 18th century to its defining role in the War of 1812, the museum helps connect the dots between history you read and history you can actually experience.

One of the highlights is the opportunity to interact with knowledgeable historians who share what daily life was like aboard the ship—how sailors lived, worked, and endured life at sea during the early years of the U.S. Navy.

If you’ve followed along with features like Legendary Warship USS Constitution (Old Ironsides) Launched 226 Years Ago TODAY and The Storied History of Old Ironsides, this stop adds a deeper, more tangible layer to that story. Seeing the ship and its artifacts in person brings those accounts into sharp focus.

Just outside, visitors can also step aboard the USS Constitution itself when open, making this one of the most immersive—and surprisingly free—historical experiences in Boston.

  • Address: 88 Constitution Road, Boston, MA 02109
  • Museum hours: Open daily 9:30 am-5:00 pm 
  • Museum admission: The Museum has suggested admission tiers of $10-$25 per person (the Museum is a non-profit organization that relies on donations to keep its door open)
  • Ship hours: Open Wednesday-Sunday, 10:00 am-6:00 pm; closed Mondays & Tuesdays
  • Ship admission: The Ship is free to visit on a first come, first serve basis. Constitution is an active-duty ship operated by the U.S. Navy. Please be aware of their security requirements in advance by visiting their site.
King’s Chapel © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

3. Tour Park Street Church

A visit provides a window into Boston’s spiritual and cultural history

 Standing tall at the corner of Boston Common, Park Street Church has been a landmark since 1809 when its 217-foot steeple dominated the city’s skyline. Known as “Brimstone Corner” for its fiery sermons and abolitionist stance, the church played a pivotal role in American history. It was here that “My Country, ’Tis of Thee” was first sung publicly in 1831 and the church became a hub for anti-slavery meetings and social reform movements throughout the 19th century.

Visitors can admire its elegant Federal-style architecture, tour the sanctuary, and even attend Sunday services or concerts. Many Freedom Trail walking tours stop here making it an easy addition to a day of exploring historic Boston. Inside, you’ll find interpretive displays highlighting the church’s rich history of faith, reform, and community impact.

  • Location: Corner of Tremont Street and Park Street, adjacent to Boston Common
  • Admission: Free (donations appreciated)
Massachusetts State House © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

4. Tour Massachusetts State House

Take a free guided tour and learn about Massachusetts history and government

Perched on Beacon Hill and overlooking Boston Common, the Massachusetts State House is one of the city’s most recognizable landmarks. Completed in 1798 and designed by architect Charles Bulfinch, it is often considered one of the finest examples of Federal architecture in America. Its most striking feature is the gold-domed roof originally made of wood later overlaid with copper by Paul Revere’s company and eventually gilded in 1874.

Visitors can join free guided tours led by knowledgeable staff and volunteers which exploring the building’s historic chambers, grand halls, and beautiful murals. Highlights include the Hall of Flags, the House and Senate chambers, and displays that tell the story of Massachusetts’ role in shaping American democracy.

Travel enthusiasts can also admire the exterior’s grandeur and the meticulously landscaped gardens that surround the building. This also makes the house an ideal spot for photos and strolls.

  • Location: 24 Beacon Street, Boston (Beacon Hill, across from Boston Common)
  • Admission: Free guided tours, typically offered on weekdays
Paul Revere Statue © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

5. Stroll through Boston Common

Relax in America’s oldest public park

Established in 1634, Boston Common is the oldest public park in the United States and the starting point of the Freedom Trail. Once a grazing pasture for cattle and a training ground for colonial militia the Common has been at the center of Boston’s history for nearly four centuries. It has hosted everything from British troop encampments to abolitionist rallies, civil rights gatherings, and modern-day festivals.

Today, the 50-acre green space is a favorite spot for both locals and visitors. You can enjoy a leisurely stroll beneath shady elm trees, relax by the Frog Pond (which becomes an ice-skating rink in winter), or explore historic monuments scattered throughout the park such as the Robert Gould Shaw Memorial honoring the 54th Massachusetts Regiment. With its central location and lively atmosphere, Boston Common is both a place of reflection and a hub of city life.

  • Location: Bordered by Tremont, Park, Beacon, Charles, and Boylston Streets
  • Admission: Free
  • Best time to visit: Spring through fall for greenery, winter for skating at the Frog Pond
Freedom Trail © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

6. Walk the Freedom Trail

A 2.5-mile walking route connecting 16 historic sites tied to the American Revolution

The Freedom Trail is Boston’s most iconic historic walk—a 2.5-mile route marked by a red-brick line that winds through the heart of the city, connecting 16 sites tied to the American Revolution. It begins at Boston Common and leads all the way to the Bunker Hill Monument, linking churches, meeting houses, burial grounds, museums, and battle sites that shaped the nation’s earliest chapters.

If you’ve explored Discover the Birth of America on Boston’s Freedom Trail, you already know how this route weaves together the defining moments and places that brought a new nation into being. Walking it in person adds a deeper sense of connection—you’re not just reading history, you’re moving through the very streets where it unfolded.

As highlighted in Freedom Trail: Walk Your Way to 16 Historic Sites, the trail is as flexible as it is meaningful. You can follow it end-to-end or explore it in sections, stopping at key landmarks like the Old State House, Paul Revere’s House, Faneuil Hall, and the nearby USS Constitution.

Whether you choose a self-guided walk or join a tour led by costumed interpreters, the Freedom Trail offers a layered experience—part history lesson, part city walk, and entirely immersive. Even a short stretch delivers a powerful sense of how closely modern Boston is tied to its revolutionary roots.

  • Location: Begins at Boston Common Visitor Center, ends at Bunker Hill Monument, Charlestown
  • Admission: Free to walk; some sites along the trail may charge admission
  • Best time to visit: Spring and fall for comfortable walking weather; mornings for lighter crowds
Freedom Trail © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

7. Attend Shakespeare on the Common

Enjoy a high-quality free Shakespeare play on a summer evening in Boston Common 

Every summer, Boston Common transforms into an open-air theater for Shakespeare on the Common, a beloved Boston tradition offering free performances of Shakespeare’s plays. Presented by The Commonwealth Shakespeare Company, this annual event brings world-class acting and lively productions to one of the city’s most historic green spaces making classical theater accessible to everyone.

Visitors can bring a blanket or lawn chair, pack a picnic, and enjoy the show under the stars. The relaxed, family-friendly atmosphere allows audiences to experience the magic of Shakespeare in an iconic Boston setting. Even if you’re new to the Bard, the performances are engaging, entertaining, and a perfect way to combine culture, history, and summer fun.

  • Location: Boston Common, near the Frog Pond
  • Admission: Free
  • Best time to visit: Summer months typically July–August; check the schedule for exact performance dates
Freedom Trail © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

8. Catch a concert at the Hatch Shell

These concerts feature classical and contemporary orchestral music

Set along the Charles River, the Hatch Memorial Shell is one of Boston’s most recognizable outdoor venues—and a longtime hub for free music, community events, and cultural performances.

Best known as the home of the Boston Pops’ Fourth of July concert, the Hatch Shell hosts a wide range of performances throughout the warmer months, from classical orchestral music and jazz ensembles to contemporary bands and community events. It’s an easy, relaxed way to experience Boston’s arts scene without a ticket in hand.

Part of the appeal is the setting itself. The grassy lawn along the Charles River Esplanade invites visitors to spread out with a blanket, bring a picnic, and settle in as music drifts across the water. With views of the river and the Boston skyline, the atmosphere feels equal parts concert and summer evening escape.

The space is intentionally casual and welcoming—people arrive early to claim a spot, families gather, and the city slows down for a few hours of shared sound and scenery.

  • Location: 47 David G. Mugar Way, Boston, MA 02108 (Charles River Esplanade)
  • Best time to visit: Spring through summer, especially evenings for outdoor concerts
  • Note: Visitors can bring blankets, lawn chairs, and snacks (no alcohol permitted); chair rentals are also available onsite
Freedom Trail © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

9. Enjoy the Public Garden

A peaceful retreat in the heart of the city

Just steps from Boston Common, the Boston Public Garden offers a quieter, more landscaped retreat in the middle of the city. Established in 1837 as America’s first public botanical garden, it remains one of Boston’s most peaceful and picturesque spaces.

Carefully designed flower beds, arched footbridges, and tree-lined paths create a setting that feels both refined and relaxed. At the center, a calm lagoon reflects the surrounding greenery where the famous Swan Boats glide during the warmer months—a classic Boston tradition.

The garden is also home to the beloved “Make Way for Ducklings” statues, a nod to Robert McCloskey’s classic children’s book which has become a favorite stop for families and visitors alike. Scattered benches and shaded corners make it easy to pause, read, or simply watch the rhythm of the city just beyond the trees.

Whether you’re stopping for photos, enjoying a slow walk, or taking a break between historic sites, the Public Garden offers a softer, more reflective side of Boston.

  • Location: Adjacent to Boston Common, near Boylston and Arlington Streets
  • Admission: Free (Swan Boat rides are paid)
  • Best time to visit: Spring through fall for peak blooms; summer for Swan Boat season
Freedom Trail © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

10. Climb Bunker Hill Monument

Hike up 294 steps for sweeping views of the city at the site of the Revolutionary War’s first major battle

At the northern end of the Freedom Trail, the Bunker Hill Monument stands as a powerful reminder of one of the earliest and most pivotal battles of the American Revolution. Commemorating the Battle of Bunker Hill (June 17, 1775), this 221-foot granite obelisk marks the site where colonial forces first faced the British in major combat.

Visitors who take on the climb are rewarded with a true sense of perspective—294 narrow steps lead to an observation level with sweeping views across Boston, the Charles River, and the historic neighborhood of Charlestown. It’s a simple, physical experience that connects the city’s skyline to its revolutionary past.

At the base of the monument, the Bunker Hill Museum adds context through exhibits, artifacts, and interpretive displays that bring the battle and its significance to life. Together, the monument and museum offer both a physical and historical vantage point on the early fight for American independence.

The surrounding Monument Square area is also a pleasant place to linger with tree-lined streets and a quieter neighborhood feel compared to downtown Boston.

  • Location: Monument Square, Charlestown
  • Admission: Free to visit; small fee for optional museum entry
  • Best time to visit: Spring through fall for clear skies and easier climbing conditions
Boston from USS Constitution © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Boston on a budget: A city that gives you more than it takes

Boston has a way of revealing itself best on foot and what stands out most is how much of the city is freely accessible once you start paying attention. From Revolutionary War landmarks and historic churches to riverside parks and open-air performances, these experiences don’t require tickets—just time, curiosity, and a willingness to wander.

That spirit is captured in the words preserved at the Old South Meeting House:
“Here were held the town-meetings that ushered in the Revolution. Here Samuel Adams, James Otis, and Joseph Warren exhorted. Here the men of Boston proved themselves independent, courageous freemen…”

It’s a reminder that some of the most powerful moments in history didn’t happen behind paywalls—they unfolded in public spaces, open to all.

What ties Boston’s free experiences together is that same sense of shared ground. The Freedom Trail links neighborhoods to defining events. Boston Common and the Public Garden carry centuries of history while remaining everyday gathering places. Even cultural experiences—whether a Shakespeare performance under the stars or a riverside concert—feel like a continuation of that tradition rather than something separate from it.

In the end, Boston doesn’t separate history from daily life. It places them side by side. And that’s what makes exploring the city without spending money feel so rich—you’re not just seeing Boston, you’re stepping into it.

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Editor’s Note: This article was originally published in May 2026. Information reflects what was accurate at the time of writing. For topics that may change quickly, please verify current details before planning. To ensure honesty and avoid bias, this website features no ads, no sponsored content, and no affiliate links—just straightforward information for fellow travelers.

The Ultimate 2026 National Parks, State Parks, Scenic Byways, and Historic Sites Bucket List

Step into the New Year with a fresh dose of wanderlust and a lineup of America’s most unforgettable outdoor experiences

Calling all RVers, roadtrippers, adventurers, hikers, paddlers, campers, photographers, and explorers! In 2026, the nation’s parks, scenic byways, and historic treasures become your personal playground—and they’re throwing down a challenge worthy of your next great journey. Get ready to take on 15 only-in-America experiences that will have you hiking higher, splashing wilder, wandering farther, and exploring deeper than ever before.

From misty mountain sunrises to desert nights under galaxies of stars, this is the year to chase the moments that become stories you’ll tell for a lifetime. Whether you’re charting a multi-state RV odyssey, seeking the perfect trail beneath towering pines, or following hidden byways to places where history whispers from the landscape, 2026 offers endless ways to reconnect with the wild. Pack your curiosity, fuel your sense of wonder, and let the open road guide you to the adventures that await.

Petrified Forest National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

1. Arizona – Walk among ancient giants at Petrified Forest National Park

Walk among 225-million-year-old fossilized logs in a rainbow of stone

Step into a landscape frozen in time where the remains of 225-million-year-old trees lie scattered like shards of a rainbow across the desert floor. In Petrified Forest National Park, you’ll wander through surreal landscapes where fallen trunks have transformed into shimmering stone—banded in reds, purples, golds, and oranges thanks to millennia of mineralization. Explore iconic areas like Crystal Forest where sparkling quartz catches the light, and Jasper Forest, home to some of the park’s most dramatic concentrations of fossilized logs. The combination of badland vistas, ancient geology, and kaleidoscopic color makes this one of the most otherworldly experiences in the National Park System.

  • Best time to visit: Spring (March–May) and fall (September–October) offer ideal temperatures, clear skies, and the best light for photography. Summer can be extremely hot while winter brings stark beauty but colder winds across the open badlands.
  • Tip: Stay on designated trails and leave every fossil where it lies. Petrified wood is protected—removing it is illegal and diminishes the park for everyone who comes after you.
Anza-Borrego Desert State Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

2. California – Stargaze under one of America’s darkest skies at Anza-Borrego Desert State Park

Witness the Milky Way under one of the nation’s darkest skies

Venture into the heart of Southern California’s largest state park where the desert opens into an endless dome of stars. As an International Dark Sky Park, Anza-Borrego is one of the premier places in the country to witness the Milky Way in all its glowing brilliance. On moonless nights—especially from March through October—the sky erupts with detail: star clusters, dust lanes, and the faint shimmer of distant galaxies. Nearby Borrego Springs, the only town fully enclosed within a state park fiercely protects its dark-sky status by minimizing light pollution creating a celestial theater unmatched in the West.

Bring a telescope for deep-sky viewing or enhance the experience with a guided night-sky program from California Overland where expert naturalists help you interpret constellations, planets, and seasonal sky phenomena.

  • Best time to visit: Early winter through early spring (November–April) offers comfortable temperatures and the chance for wildflower blooms during the day. For the darkest skies and optimal Milky Way photography, plan around new moon periods between March and October.
  • Tip: Allow your eyes 20–30 minutes to adjust to the darkness and use red-light flashlights to preserve night vision while protecting the dark-sky environment.
Mesa Verde National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

3. Colorado – Explore the ancient cliff dwellings of Mesa Verde National Park

Explore ancient Ancestral Puebloan cliff dwellings up close

A UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of America’s most significant archaeological treasures, Mesa Verde National Park transports you into the world of the Ancestral Pueblo people who lived here more than 700 years ago. Towering sandstone cliffs hide remarkably preserved villages—stone-built homes, kivas, towers, and plazas that reveal the ingenuity and community life of this ancient culture.

The most immersive way to experience these cliff dwellings is through ranger-led tours offered from May to October. Each site offers a distinct experience:

  • Cliff Palace – The park’s largest dwelling with 150 rooms and stunning architecture.
  • Balcony House – The most adventurous tour, requiring climbing ladders, squeezing through tunnels, and navigating exposed pathways.
  • Long House – Located on Wetherill Mesa offering a more in-depth, spacious, and less crowded experience.
  • Square Tower House – A rare opportunity limited to 10 visitors per tour featuring the tallest structure in the park.
  • Best time to visit: Late spring through early fall (May–October) offers full tour availability, mild weather, and the best access to Wetherill Mesa. Fall brings cooler temperatures and fewer crowds.
  • Tip: Trails and ladders can be strenuous and the high elevation (over 7,000 feet) may affect visitors with respiratory or mobility challenges. Pace yourself, check current conditions, and carry plenty of water.
Creole Nature Trail © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

4. Louisiana – Explore wild wetlands and Gulf Coast beauty on the Creole Nature Trail All-American Road

Drive 180 miles through marshes, prairies, and Gulf beaches alive with wildlife

Immerse yourself in one of America’s last great natural frontiers along the Creole Nature Trail All-American Road in Southwest Louisiana. Stretching 180 miles through Calcasieu and Cameron parishes, this scenic byway blends raw coastal wilderness with the deep cultural roots of Cajun and Creole country. As you wind through vast marshes, open prairies, and thriving wildlife refuges, you’ll encounter an astonishing diversity of life—from sunning alligators to over 400 species of birds especially during spring and fall migrations. The route culminates at 26 miles of undeveloped Gulf of Mexico beaches where you can spot dolphins offshore, stroll for seashells, or simply relax with nothing but wind, waves, and wide-open horizon.

This is a paradise for nature lovers, birders, photographers, and slow-road explorers offering an easygoing adventure where every turn reveals a new landscape, a new species, or a new slice of authentic Louisiana culture.

  • Best time to visit: Spring and fall offer the best wildlife viewing—especially for migratory birds—and comfortable temperatures for beach walking and refuge exploration. Winter is excellent for spotting large numbers of waterfowl while summer brings lush marshes and vibrant coastal life.
  • Tip: Wildlife is abundant but often hidden. Bring binoculars, keep a safe distance from alligators, and consider stopping at the Creole Nature Trail Adventure Point in Sulphur for maps, exhibits, and local insights before you begin your drive.
Cherohala Skyway © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

5. North Carolina – Cruise the Cherohala Skyway and wander the ancient trees of Joyce Kilmer Memorial Forest

Scenic mountain vistas paired with ancient virgin forests

Stretching 43 miles from Robbinsville, North Carolina to Tellico Plains, Tennessee, the Cherohala Skyway is one of the South’s most breathtaking mountain drives. Winding through the rugged beauty of the Cherokee and Nantahala National Forests, the Skyway climbs to elevations over 5,400 feet revealing sweeping panoramas of ridge after ridge of forested peaks. With 15 scenic overlooks—including the spectacular Santeetlah Overlook at 5,390 feet—you’ll experience some of the finest long-range views in the Appalachians. In fall (late September to mid-November) the mountains erupt in brilliant color, making the Skyway a top-tier foliage drive.

Just off the eastern end of the Skyway lies the enchanting Joyce Kilmer Memorial Forest, one of the East’s rare pockets of old-growth. Two loop trails forming a 2-mile figure-eight lead you through a cathedral-like forest of massive poplars, soaring hemlocks, and deep green understory. Named for the poet who wrote “Trees,” this protected grove invites quiet reflection beneath trunks that have stood for centuries.

  • Best time to visit: Late spring and summer offer lush greenery and clear mountain views. Fall is superb for foliage, while winter—though chilly—provides stark, far-reaching vistas on crisp, clear days.
  • Tip: Weather changes quickly at higher elevations. Pack layers, carry water for hikes, and plan extra time to enjoy the overlooks—they’re some of the best in the region.
Custer State Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

6. South Dakota – Encounter iconic wildlife at Custer State Park

Encounter free-roaming bison, elk, and burros along the Wildlife Loop

Spanning 71,000 acres in the heart of the Black Hills, Custer State Park is a haven for adventurers, families, and wildlife enthusiasts alike. The park’s 18-mile Wildlife Loop State Scenic Byway offers one of the most reliable opportunities in the country to see over 1,400 free-roaming bison up close. Along the way, you may also spot prairie dogs, “begging” burros, pronghorn, elk, deer, and bighorn sheep—all set against the park’s stunning granite outcrops and rolling hills.

  • Best time to visit: Sunrise and late afternoon are ideal for wildlife activity and photography. Summer brings warmer weather and lush landscapes while spring highlights newborn animals and vibrant wildflowers.
  • Tip: Allow 1–2 hours for the Wildlife Loop to account for “bison jams” and photo stops. Bring binoculars for birdwatching and remember to keep a safe distance from all animals—especially bison whose movements can be unpredictable.
Valley of Fire State Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

7. Nevada – Wander the fiery landscapes of Valley of Fire State Park

Hike the Fire Wave and Pink Canyon amid glowing red sandstone

Just an hour northeast of Las Vegas, Valley of Fire State Park is a geological masterpiece spanning 40,000 acres of vivid red Aztec sandstone. These ancient dunes sculpted over millions of years seem to glow like molten fire at sunrise and sunset—an awe-inspiring sight that gives the park its name. The striking rock formations, petroglyphs, and sweeping desert vistas make every corner a photographer’s dream.

For an immersive adventure, tackle the Seven Wonders Loop, a trail that guides you past the undulating Fire Wave, through the narrow corridors of Pink Canyon, and across surreal pastel landscapes that feel otherworldly. Each step reveals layers of geological history etched in color and texture.

  • Best time to visit: Fall, winter, and early spring (October–April) offer the most comfortable temperatures and full trail access. Summer can be dangerously hot and many trails are closed from May 15 to September 30 for visitor safety.
  • Tip: Bring plenty of water, sun protection, and sturdy footwear. Check trail status before visiting as closures are strictly enforced during the hottest months. Early mornings and late afternoons provide the best light for photography and fewer crowds.
Enchanted Rock State Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

8. Texas – Hike the iconic summit of Enchanted Rock State Park

Climb a massive pink granite dome for 360-degree Hill Country views

Rising 425 feet above the rolling hills of the Texas Hill Country, Enchanted Rock is a massive pink granite dome and a National Natural Landmark that has inspired legends for centuries. The park’s Summit Trail leads adventurous hikers to the top rewarding every step with 360-degree panoramic views of rugged hills, juniper-studded landscapes, and the endless Texas sky. Sunrise and sunset hikes transform the rock’s surface into a glowing canvas of warm hues perfect for photography or quiet reflection.

  • Best time to visit: Fall through spring offers the most comfortable hiking conditions. Summer temperatures can soar making early morning or late afternoon hikes safer and more enjoyable.
  • Tip: The Summit Trail is steep in sections and can be slippery when wet. Wear sturdy shoes, carry plenty of water, and allow time to pause and soak in the expansive views from the top.
Colonial Williamsburg © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

9. Virginia – Step back in time at Colonial Williamsburg

Step into 18th-century America with cobblestone streets and costumed interpreters

Experience 18th-century America like never before at Colonial Williamsburg where history comes alive along cobblestone streets lined with meticulously restored buildings. Costumed interpreters portray everyday colonists offering a window into the past through engaging demonstrations of trades such as blacksmithing, wig-making, printing, and more. Wander through shops, meeting halls, and homes as you explore the city’s vibrant colonial culture and stories of the people who shaped early America.

  • Best time to visit: Spring and fall provide comfortable weather and lively outdoor programming, while summer brings full schedules of reenactments and events. Winter is quieter, perfect for exploring at a leisurely pace.
  • Tip: Don’t miss the culinary side of history—try colonial-inspired fare at taverns like Chowning’s for classic dishes such as Brunswick stew or enjoy a splurge-worthy candlelit dinner at King’s Arms Tavern for an immersive dining experience.
New River Gorge National Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

10. West Virginia – Conquer the rapids of New River Gorge National Park and Preserve

Raft world-class rapids and witness Bridge Day on October 17, 2026

Flowing through one of the country’s most dramatic river gorges, New River Gorge National Park and Preserve is a haven for thrill-seekers and outdoor adventurers. Its 53 miles of whitewater range from gentle Class I–III rapids in the Upper New (perfect for families and beginners, ages 5–6 and up) to adrenaline-pumping Class III–V rapids in the Lower New for experienced paddlers. Guided trips with outfitters like ACE Adventure Resort and Adventures on the Gorge run year-round from half-day excursions to multi-day adventures that include riverside camping. Spring is the peak season when snowmelt swells the river creating the most dramatic whitewater experiences.

Every Bridge Day held on the third Saturday in October—October 17, 2026—thrill-seekers rappel or BASE jump from the New River Gorge Bridge, the nation’s highest single-arch bridge. Even if you’re not jumping the festival offers spectacular views, lively activities, and a once-a-year chance to see the gorge from an unforgettable vantage point.

  • Best time to visit: Spring brings peak rapids and lush scenery, summer offers warm, family-friendly rafting, and fall provides stunning foliage along the gorge plus the excitement of Bridge Day.
  • Tip: Book guided rafting trips well in advance especially in spring and for October festival crowds. Bring quick-drying clothing, waterproof gear for electronics, and be prepared for changing river conditions.
Natural Bridges National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

11. Utah – Marvel at the Natural Bridges of Cedar Mesa

Marvel at massive stone arches and ancient Ancestral Puebloan ruins

Set against the stark beauty of southeastern Utah, Natural Bridges National Monument is home to three awe-inspiring stone arches—Sipapu, Kachina, and Owachomo—carved over millennia by flowing water through Cedar Mesa sandstone in White and Armstrong canyons. Each bridge named with Hopi terms honoring the Ancestral Puebloans tells a story of geological time and the enduring power of nature in the desert landscape.

Beyond the bridges, the monument preserves Ancestral Puebloan ruins and ancient rock art offering a glimpse into the lives of early desert dwellers. As one of the darkest night skies in the U.S., Natural Bridges also provides unparalleled stargazing opportunities—perfect for night photography or simply marveling at the Milky Way stretched across the desert sky.

  • Best time to visit: Spring and fall offer mild temperatures and the most comfortable hiking conditions. Summer can be extremely hot while winter delivers crisp air and quiet solitude.
  • Tip: Trails vary in difficulty with some steep and uneven sections. Bring water, sun protection, and sturdy footwear. For stargazing plan a clear, moonless night and allow your eyes to adjust to the darkness.
The manatees of Crystal River © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

12. Florida – Swim with gentle giants in Crystal River

Swim alongside gentle manatees in warm spring-fed waters

In the calm, spring-fed waters of Crystal River, you can get up close with one of Florida’s most beloved wildlife species: the West Indian manatee. This unique sanctuary is one of the few places in the U.S. where humans can legally swim with these gentle giants especially during the winter months when hundreds of manatees gather to escape colder Gulf waters. Guided eco-tours ensure both your safety and the protection of the animals, providing fascinating insight into manatee behavior, biology, and conservation.

  • Best time to visit: November through March is prime season when manatees congregate in the warm springs. Summer offers fewer sightings but still allows kayaking or boating excursions among these peaceful creatures.
  • Tip: Follow all guidelines to respect the manatees: keep your distance, avoid touching or chasing them, and wear eco-friendly sunscreen. Snorkeling gear is recommended and a guided tour enhances both safety and educational value.
Amish Country © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

13. Ohio – Experience timeless traditions in Amish Country

Experience timeless rural life, handcrafted goods, and hearty local cuisine

Step into a slower pace of life in Ohio’s Amish Country, a patchwork of rolling farmland, quaint villages, and historic homesteads in Holmes and surrounding counties. Horse-drawn buggies, hand-carved furniture shops, and family-run farms create an authentic window into Amish culture where craftsmanship and simplicity are celebrated. Explore charming towns like Berlin, Walnut Creek, and Sugarcreek where local bakeries, farmers’ markets, and craft shops invite you to taste, shop, and connect with centuries-old traditions.

  • Best time to visit: Spring and fall are ideal for scenic drives, farm tours, and outdoor markets while summer brings festivals, craft fairs, and lush farmland views. Winter offers a quiet, cozy experience with festive touches in local shops.
  • Tip: Respect local customs—photograph people only with permission, drive slowly near horse-drawn buggies, and try local specialties like shoofly pie, pretzels, and homemade cheeses. Consider a guided tour or buggy ride for a deeper cultural experience.
Mesilla © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

14. New Mexico – Step back in time in Historic La Mesilla

Wander a historic plaza rich in Spanish colonial charm and culture

Nestled near Las Cruces, La Mesilla is a charming historic plaza that captures the spirit of the Old Southwest. Founded in the 1800s, this vibrant town blends Spanish colonial architecture, adobe buildings, and adobe-lined streets with a lively market atmosphere. Explore quaint shops, art galleries, and eateries serving t7raditional New Mexican cuisine, including green chile specialties, sopapillas, and handmade tortillas. The plaza often hosts festivals, music, and cultural events that celebrate its rich Hispanic and Native American heritage.

  • Best time to visit: Spring and fall provide mild temperatures and pleasant strolling conditions while summer can be hot but offers evening cultural events and outdoor dining. Winter is quiet and peaceful ideal for photography and exploring the historic architecture.
  • Tip: Take your time wandering the plaza, and stop by La Mesilla Marketplace for local crafts, jewelry, and artwork. Don’t miss historic landmarks like San Albino Basilica, a stunning 19th-century church at the heart of the plaza.
Mount Washington Cog Railway © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

15. New Hampshire – Ride the historic Cog Railway to Mount Washington

Ride a historic train to the summit of New England’s tallest peak

Experience the thrill of ascending New England’s highest peak aboard the Mount Washington Cog Railway, a historic engineering marvel dating back to 1869. This unique train climbs over 3,000 vertical feet along steep tracks offering passengers panoramic views of the White Mountains as the landscape transitions from dense forests to rocky alpine terrain. At the summit, take in sweeping vistas, snap photos of the rugged peak, and explore the historic summit building. In winter, the area transforms into a snowy wonderlandwhile summer provides clear skies and vibrant mountain scenery.

  • Best time to visit: Late spring through early fall offers the clearest skies and fully operational trains. Fall provides spectacular foliage along the route. Winter trips are available but more limited due to snow and weather conditions.
  • Tip: Dress in layers—the summit can be significantly colder and windier than the base. Arrive early for prime seating near the front of the train for unobstructed views and don’t forget your camera for incredible photo opportunities.

Concluding thoughts – 15 only-in-America adventures in 2026

Fifteen only-in-America experiences—one epic year

From the glowing petrified logs of Arizona to the star-strewn skies of California’s Anza-Borrego, from the ancient cliff dwellings of Colorado to the wild wetlands of Louisiana, 2026 offers a journey through America’s most unforgettable landscapes and histories. Hike granite domes in Texas, cruise scenic byways in North Carolina, or meet gentle manatees in Florida—each adventure invites curiosity, awe, and the joy of discovery.

You’ll chase sunrise over red rock in Nevada, ride historic trains in New Hampshire, wander Amish farmlands in Ohio, and explore cultural crossroads in New Mexico and Virginia. Conquer rapids in West Virginia, witness iconic wildlife in South Dakota, and marvel at natural wonders in Utah—each stop a reminder of the vast diversity that defines this country.

As Wallace Stegner said, “National parks are the best idea we ever had. Absolutely American, absolutely democratic, they reflect us at our best rather than our worst.”

And as John Muir urged, “The mountains are calling and I must go.”

Can you complete all 15 in 2026? Perhaps! But even if you savor a few, each experience offers perspective, wonder, and a deeper connection to the natural world and our shared history. Pack your curiosity, embrace the open road, and let this year be your invitation to explore America like never before—one incredible adventure at a time.

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Editor’s Note: This article was originally published in January 2026. Information reflects what was accurate at the time of writing. For topics that may change quickly, please verify current details before planning. To ensure honesty and avoid bias, this website features no ads, no sponsored content, and no affiliate links—just straightforward information for fellow travelers.

Do Time at Yuma Territorial Prison: Arizona’s Wild West Landmark

By Rex Vogel—exploring America’s backroads, one hidden gem at a time

Perched above the Colorado River, the Yuma Territorial Prison State Historic Park stands as one of the most captivating and well-preserved symbols of Arizona’s frontier days. Once known as “The Hellhole of the West,” this formidable fortress housed the roughest outlaws of the desert—and now offers travelers a fascinating glimpse into the grit and resilience of the Old West.

For RVers journeying through the lower Colorado River valley, a visit here means more than just a history lesson. It’s a step into a living story—complete with sandstone cells, panoramic river views, and the unmistakable echo of boots on iron floors.

Yuma Territorial Prison © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

A Prison carved from the desert

Built from stone and sweat this fortress tells the story of Arizona’s toughest inmates

Built in 1876 by the very inmates it would later hold, the Yuma Territorial Prison quickly earned its fearsome reputation. Temperatures inside the stone cells soared past 110 degrees in summer yet prisoners also built their own walls, guard towers, and workshops. Despite its harsh conditions the facility was considered advanced for its time—with electricity, running water, and even a library long before many towns in Arizona had such luxuries.

Over 3,000 prisoners—men and women alike—served time here for crimes ranging from horse theft to murder. Some became legends, others simply survived. The walls still bear faint carvings left by inmates silent testaments to lives lived in confinement.

Today, the prison’s thick adobe walls and barred cells have been meticulously preserved offering visitors a chance to walk through actual cell blocks, step into the infamous “Dark Cell” where unruly inmates were punished and peer through the watchtower windows at the same desert horizon prisoners once longed to escape.

Yuma Territorial Prison © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

What you’ll see inside

Here’s what awaits behind the walls of Arizona’s most notorious prison

Step through the iron gates and you’ll find that every corner of the old prison tells a story—of punishment, perseverance, and life on the edge of civilization.

  • The Cell Blocks: Rows of narrow cells built from hand-cut granite bricks line the hillside. Step inside and feel the temperature shift—a stark reminder of how unforgiving the desert could be.
  • The Dark Cell: A solitary stone chamber where light barely touches the walls. Used for discipline, this cell was feared by inmates and fascinates visitors with its eerie silence.
  • The Museum: Housed in the original mess hall, the museum’s exhibits include prisoner mugshots, confiscated weapons, escape tools, and fascinating stories about inmates’ lives.
  • The Guard Tower: Offering panoramic views of the Colorado River and Yuma Crossing, it’s a prime spot for photos—and for imagining the constant watch that once kept escapees in check.
  • The Cemetery: Rough wooden crosses mark the final resting place of those who never left. It’s a sobering but powerful reminder of the prison’s harsh past.
Yuma Territorial Prison © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Tips for RV travelers

These tips will help you plan a smooth and memorable stop at the prison

Before you roll in, here are a few things RV travelers should know to make the most of their visit.

  • Getting there: Located just off Interstate 8 in Yuma, the prison is easy to access. Follow signs from downtown Yuma to Prison Hill Road. The entrance is well-marked.
  • Admission: $8 for adults, $4 for youth, and free for children under six. Arizona State Parks passes are accepted.
  • Hours: Open daily from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. (closed on major holidays). Check the Arizona State Parks website for seasonal updates.
  • Parking: There’s ample parking for RVs though the lot can fill on weekends. Arrive early for shaded spaces.
  • Accessibility: The main museum and outdoor areas are accessible but some older structures may require caution due to uneven surfaces.
  • Best time to visit: Mornings in winter or early spring offer comfortable temperatures for exploring both the prison grounds and nearby historic downtown Yuma.
Yuma Territorial Prison © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Why RVers will love it

Part history, part adventure—it captures exactly what RV life is all about

Few sites capture the rugged independence of the Southwest quite like Yuma Territorial Prison. RVers drawn to history, photography, and real-world stories will find the site endlessly engaging. The combination of desert landscape, authentic architecture, and personal stories makes it a deeply atmospheric stop—one where the past feels strikingly alive.

It’s also an excellent half-day excursion for travelers based in nearby Yuma RV parks or snowbird resorts. The museum’s shaded picnic area and sweeping river views make it a great spot to rest, reflect, and imagine life in the Arizona Territory.

Yuma Territorial Prison © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Similar reads

Bringing Yuma’s past to life

Exploring Yuma by RV? Here are more fascinating places nearby that capture the region’s rich history and desert spirit.

Yuma Territorial Prison © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Nearby attractions

Don’t miss these local gems just a short drive away

If you’ve got extra time, these nearby spots are worth adding to your itinerary.

  • The Cloud Museum (Bard, CA): Just across the river, explore an incredible private collection of antique vehicles and farm machinery.
  • Yuma Crossing National Heritage Area: Includes walking trails, interpretive signs, and the restored Quartermaster Depot—ideal for history buffs and birders alike.
  • Downtown Yuma Historic District: Filled with local eateries, murals, antique shops, and the Yuma Art Center.
  • West Wetlands Park: A green oasis along the river, perfect for birdwatching, walking, or simply relaxing.

Where to stay: Campgrounds and RV parks

Here are some great places to park your RV nearby

Whether you want full hookups or a quiet spot in nature, these options put you near all the local attractions.

  • Riverfront RV Park: Within minutes of the prison and downtown Yuma; full hookups and river access.
  • Desert Paradise RV Resort: Spacious sites, pool, and activities for long-term snowbirds.
  • Shangri-La RV Resort: Well-kept grounds, friendly hosts, and close to major Yuma attractions.
  • Mittry Lake Wildlife Area: Free dispersed camping for those who prefer off-grid serenity near the water.
Yuma Territorial Prison © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Visitor tips

Yuma Territorial Prison State Historic Park

  • Address: 220 N. Prison Hill Road, Yuma, Arizona
  • Phone: (928) 783-4771
  • Adults $8, Youth (7–13) $4, Children 6 & under free
  • GPS Admission: Coordinates: 32.7275° N, 114.6152° W
  • Website: azstateparks.com/yuma-prison
  • Season: Open year-round; best October–April

Editor’s Note: This article was originally published in November 2025. Information reflects what was accurate at the time of writing. For topics that may change quickly, please verify current details before planning. To ensure honesty and avoid bias, this website features no ads, no sponsored content, and no affiliate links—just straightforward information for fellow travelers.

Worth Pondering…

“Walls don’t just hold prisoners—they hold stories.”
At Yuma Territorial Prison those stories still echo through the stone halls carried by the desert wind. For RVers wandering the American Southwest, it’s a journey through time—and a reminder of the resilience that built the frontier.

Exploring Virginia’s Historic Triangle: Jamestown, Williamsburg & Yorktown

Virginia’s Historic Triangle—Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown—offers a deep dive into America’s colonial and revolutionary past. Each site has unique historical significance and well-preserved attractions.

Virginia is one of the oldest states in the United States and so has seen some of the most important historical events of any state. For many years during the early history of the US, it was one of the largest states. In the Confederacy, it was the largest and most powerful state and was home to the breakaway capital and the scene of many of the largest battles.

Virginia has a historical hotspot known as the Historic Triangle. The main attractions include Jamestown, Colonial Williamsburg, and Yorktown. If you are ever passing near this region be sure to check them out!

Fun fact: Virginia is technically a commonwealth and not a state

Historic Jamestowne © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Jamestown: The First Permanent English Settlement

It was located on a peninsula in the James River

Jamestown, established in 1607 in Virginia, was the first permanent English settlement in North America. Founded by the Virginia Company of London, 104 settlers arrived on three ships—Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery—seeking profit through trade and resources. They built a fortified settlement on the James River named after King James I.

The early years were brutal known as the “Starving Time” (1609–1610) when disease, starvation, and conflicts with the Powhatan Confederacy reduced the population from over 500 to about 60. John Smith’s leadership and trade with the Powhatans facilitated by Pocahontas helped the colony survive. Tobacco, introduced by John Rolfe in 1612, became a cash crop ensuring economic stability but driving land disputes with Native Americans.

In 1619, two pivotal events occurred: the first representative assembly, the House of Burgesses, laid the foundation for self-governance and the arrival of African captives marked the start of slavery in the English colonies. Jamestown served as Virginia’s capital until 1699 when it shifted to Williamsburg. The original site declined but archaeological efforts since the 1990s have uncovered artifacts revealing details of colonial life.

Today, Historic Jamestowne and Jamestown Settlement preserve this legacy showcasing its role as the birthplace of American democracy, commerce, and cultural complexities.

  • Historical significance: Founded in 1607, Jamestown was the first permanent English colony in North America. It’s where the seeds of American democracy and culture were planted though it also faced hardships like starvation and conflicts with Native Americans.
Historic Jamestowne © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Key attractions

  • Historic Jamestowne: Managed by the National Park Service and Preservation Virginia, this is the original site. Explore archaeological digs, the Archaearium museum (displaying artifacts like the “Starving Time” remains), and a reconstructed 17th-century church.
  • Jamestown Settlement: A living-history museum with replicas of the original fort, Powhatan village, and three ships (Susan Constant, Godspeed, Discovery). Costumed interpreters demonstrate colonial life from blacksmithing to Native American crafts.

Tips

  • Buy a combo ticket for Historic Jamestowne and Jamestown Settlement to save money (around $30 for adults, cheaper for kids).
  • Allow 2–3 hours per site. Historic Jamestowne is more archaeological; the Settlement is interactive, great for families.
  • Wear comfortable shoes; the grounds are expansive and summer can be hot and humid.
  • Check for special events like archaeology tours or reenactments.
Colonial Williamsburg © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Williamsburg: The Colonial Capital

It was the political, cultural, and educational center of the American colonies

Williamsburg, founded in 1632 as Middle Plantation, was a small English settlement in Virginia between the James and York Rivers. Initially a fortified outpost, it grew into a key colonial hub. In 1699, it became the capital of Virginia replacing Jamestown and was renamed Williamsburg in honor of King William III. Designed with a planned layout it featured the College of William & Mary (founded 1693) and the Capitol where the House of Burgesses met.

As the colonial capital from 1699 to 1780, Williamsburg was a political, social, and cultural center. Figures like Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson shaped revolutionary ideas here with the Capitol hosting debates that fueled the American Revolution. The city was a hub for trade, education, and enslaved labor with nearly half its population enslaved by the mid-18th century.

In 1780, the capital moved to Richmond for safety during the Revolution and Williamsburg declined. In the 1920s, John D. Rockefeller Jr. funded its restoration transforming it into Colonial Williamsburg, the world’s largest living-history museum. Today, it preserves 18th-century buildings, trades, and stories offering insight into colonial and revolutionary America.

  • Historical significance: As Virginia’s capital from 1699 to 1780, Williamsburg was a political and cultural hub during the American Revolution. It’s now the world’s largest living-history museum.
Colonial Williamsburg © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Key attractions

  • Colonial Williamsburg: A 301-acre historic area with restored and reconstructed buildings including the Governor’s Palace, Capitol, and taverns. Costumed interpreters portray 18th-century life—merchants, enslaved people, and revolutionaries.
  • Art museums of Colonial Williamsburg: Includes the DeWitt Wallace Decorative Arts Museum and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Museum showcasing period furniture, paintings, and folk art.
  • Merchants Square: A charming area for dining and shopping with colonial-style restaurants like the Cheese Shop or Chowning’s Tavern.

Tips

  • Tickets range from $30 (single-day) to $50 (multi-day including Yorktown and Jamestown).
  • Plan a full day; prioritize the Governor’s Palace and Capitol tours. Evening programs like ghost walks or tavern dinners are immersive.
  • Parking is free at the Visitor Center; take the free shuttle to the historic area to avoid congestion.
  • Book dining reservations early especially for taverns like King’s Arms known for authentic colonial fare.
Yorktown © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Yorktown: The Revolutionary Victory

It was the site of the final major battle of the American Revolutionary War

Yorktown, Virginia, was established in 1691 as a port town on the York River named after the English city of York. Created by the Virginia General Assembly to serve as a hub for tobacco trade, it quickly grew into a bustling colonial port with warehouses, wharves, and a small but prosperous community. By the mid-18th century, Yorktown was a key economic center handling exports and imports for the Virginia colony.

Its greatest historical significance came during the American Revolution. In 1781, Yorktown became the site of the decisive Battle of Yorktown where General George Washington allied with French forces under General Rochambeau besieged British troops led by General Cornwallis. The battle lasting from September 28 to October 19, 1781 ended with Cornwallis’s surrender effectively securing American independence.

After the Revolution, Yorktown’s importance as a port declined due to silting in the river and competition from larger ports like Norfolk. By the 19th century, it was a quiet town. Today, Yorktown is preserved as part of the National Park Service’s Yorktown Battlefield and the American Revolution Museum at Yorktown which highlight its pivotal role in the Revolution. The waterfront remains a scenic draw with historic and modern attractions.

  • Historical significance: Site of the 1781 Battle of Yorktown where General Washington’s victory over the British secured American independence.
Yorktown © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Key attractions

  • Yorktown Battlefield: Managed by the National Park Servic, it includes the battlefield, Moore House (where surrender terms were negotiated), and Surrender Field. Ranger-led tours explain military strategies.
  • American Revolution Museum at Yorktown: Features indoor exhibits on the Revolution’s timeline and an outdoor living-history area with a Continental Army encampment and 18th-century farm.
  • Yorktown Waterfront: Offers scenic views along the York River with shops, the Watermen’s Museum, and dining at places like Yorktown Pub.

Tips

  • Combo tickets with Jamestown sites are cost-effective (around $30–$40). The Battlefield is free to walk but the Visitor Center and museum require tickets.
  • Allow 2–3 hours for the Battlefield and museum. The auto tour (driving loop with audio guide) is a good way to see the battlefields.
  • Visit in early October for Yorktown Victory Celebration (October 18, 2025) featuring reenactments and cannon firings.
  • Free parking at the Battlefield Visitor Center; the waterfront has limited paid parking.
Colonial Parkway © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Colonial Parkway

It connects the three points of the Historic Triangle

The Colonial Parkway is a 23-mile scenic road connecting Virginia’s Historic Triangle—Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown. Managed by the National Park Service as part of Colonial National Historical Park, it was built between 1930 and 1957 to link these key historical sites while preserving the area’s natural beauty and colonial ambiance.

Brief history

  • Origins: The idea emerged in the 1920s during planning for Colonial Williamsburg’s restoration spearheaded by John D. Rockefeller Jr. and preservationists. The goal was to create a picturesque, historically evocative route tying together the three sites central to America’s colonial and revolutionary history.
  • Construction: Started in 1930 under the National Park Service the parkway was designed to blend with the landscape using native materials like gravel and brick to mimic colonial-era roads. Construction paused during World War II but was completed for Jamestown’s 350th anniversary in 1957.
  • Design: The parkway avoids modern intrusions with no commercial signage or development. Its rustic bridges, tunnels, and curves reflect 18th-century aesthetics while offering views of the James and York Rivers.
Colonial Parkway © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Key features

  • Route: Runs from the Jamestown Settlement through Williamsburg (near Colonial Williamsburg) to the Yorktown Battlefield. It’s a leisurely drive with a 35–45 mph speed limit encouraging visitors to enjoy the scenery.
  • Historical significance: The parkway connects sites pivotal to American history—Jamestown (first English settlement, 1607), Williamsburg (colonial capital, 1699–1780), and Yorktown (Revolutionary War victory, 1781).
  • Attractions: Offers pull-offs for river views, historical markers, and access to trails like the Greensprings Interpretive Trail near Jamestown. The road itself is a National Scenic Byway and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Practical tips

  • Access: Free to drive with no tolls. Open year-round though some sections may close briefly for maintenance.
  • Best use: Ideal for driving or biking between sites. It’s a key part of visiting the Historic Triangle with parking areas at major attractions.
  • Safety: The road is narrow with no centerline so drive cautiously especially at dusk when deer are active. No commercial vehicles are allowed.

Related stories

Historic Triangle © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Practical tips for the Historic Triangle

Guidance to help plan an informativeand and enjoyable visit to the Historic Triangle

  • Getting around: The sites are 10–15 miles apart connected by the scenic Colonial Parkway.
  • Best time to visit: Spring and fall for mild weather and fewer crowds. Summer is busy but offers more events. Winter is quieter with some indoor attractions still open.
  • Where to stay: Williamsburg has the most camping options.
  • Dining: Try colonial-inspired food (peanut soup, Virginia ham) at Williamsburg taverns or modern spots like Food for Thought. Yorktown’s waterfront has casual seafood options.
  • Time needed: 2–3 days to see all three sites thoroughly. A single day can cover highlights if prioritized (e.g., Jamestown Settlement, Colonial Williamsburg’s Capitol, Yorktown Battlefield).

Sample itinerary (2 days)

  • Day 1: Morning at Jamestown Settlement (ships, fort, village), lunch at the on-site café, afternoon at Historic Jamestowne (archaeology tour). Evening in Williamsburg’s Merchants Square for dinner and a ghost tour.
  • Day 2: Morning in Colonial Williamsburg (Governor’s Palace, Capitol), lunch at a tavern, afternoon at Yorktown Battlefield (Visitor Center, auto tour) and American Revolution Museum. End with sunset at Yorktown Waterfront.

Worth Pondering…

The truth is, I love history and studied it in college with a particular focus on early American history. My love is so deep, in fact, I went to school at The College of William & Mary in Colonial Williamsburg.

—Alexandra Bracken

Ocmulgee Mounds: From Historic Site to National Park?

The Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park located near Macon, Georgia, is on the cusp of a historic transformation. Its potential redesignation as Georgia’s first national park and preserve could elevate its status, expand its boundaries, and deepen its ties to the Muscogee people.

The United States is home to some of the most iconic national parks in the world from the geothermal features of Yellowstone to the red cliffs of Zion. There are 63 national parks across the country and joining that list brings more than just prestige. It brings increased tourism, federal funding, and long-term environmental protections. That’s why, for years, lawmakers across the country have sought to add more sites.

However, creating a new national park is not easy. Proposals must pass through Congress and meet strict criteria to upgrade historic sites. Few efforts have succeeded but now that might be about to change.

In a push backed by bipartisan support, Georgia could soon become home to the first new U.S. national park in five years, but critics aren’t quite sold.

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park

  • Entry fee: This site is fee-free year-round. No entrance fee or pass is required.
  • Hours of operation: 8:00 am-5:00 pm daily
  • Annual visitors (2024): 71,390
  • Nearest town: Macon, Georgia
  • Best time to visit: Spring and fall

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, located near Macon, Georgia, preserves traces of over 17,000 years of human habitation from Ice Age hunters to the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. The park spans 1,894 acres and features ancient earthworks including ceremonial and burial mounds built by Native American cultures particularly the Mississippian culture around 900–1100.

Key structures include the Great Temple Mound, Lesser Mound, and Earth Lodge, a reconstructed council chamber with a 1,000-year-old floor. The park’s museum houses over 2,000 artifacts showcasing pottery, tools, and evidence of trade networks.

The site was a major settlement with evidence of corn agriculture, hunting, and fishing. It later served as a hub for the Muscogee people until their forced removal in the 1830s via the Trail of Tears. Designated a national monument in 1934 Ocmulgee Mounds expanded to a national historical park in 2019. In 2022, the park acquired 951 acres of adjacent land, more than doubling its size to over 3,000 acres protecting sacred Muscogee sites from industrial development.

Visitors can explore trails, a visitor center, and a reconstructed earth lodge. Recent legislative efforts aim to designate it as Georgia’s first national park and preserve, potentially expanding its boundaries and co-managing with the Muscogee Nation.

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Ocmulgee Mounds may soon become a national park

If successful, Ocmulgee Mounds would be Georgia’s first national park and the 64th national park in the U.S.

In a March press release, U.S. Representatives Austin Scott (GA-08) and Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. (GA-02) as well as U.S. Senators Jon Ossoff and Reverend Raphael Warnock announced plans to reintroduce a bill that would bring a major upgrade to the status of Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park and Bond Swamp National Wildlife Refuge in Macon, Georgia.

“I am proud to join my colleagues in reintroducing this bipartisan bill. By establishing the Ocmulgee Mounds as Georgia’s first National Park and Preserve, we are highlighting over 17,000 years of history and culture as well as welcoming people from across the country to enjoy Georgia’s natural beauty. Elevating the status of and expanding this site to a national park and preserve will raise awareness about it, increase public hunting and fishing grounds, encourage more visitors to our area, and boost the local economy,” said Representative Bishop.

This group of lawmakers, the Ocmulgee National Park and Preserve Initiative, and the Muscogee Nation are working together to make it the first new national park in five years. The most recent was New River Gorge National Park.

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park is considered one of the longest continually inhabited sites in North America with over 17,000 years of human history. If the bill passes, it would also become Georgia’s first-ever national park.

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

What’s the difference between a national park and a national historical park?

The core difference lies in their primary purpose and the reason for their designation

Sites like the Ocmulgee Mounds are often designated as national historical parks due to their cultural or historical significance, according to a publication created by the Congressional Research Service. These sites, many of which are spread across multiple buildings or areas, can commemorate people, places, and events.

On the other hand, national parks are typically large, natural areas that highlight iconic scenery, rare ecosystems, and geological features. They are also among the most protected federal lands with restrictions on hunting, mining, and development to preserve the area’s scenery and wildlife.

While the idea of an upgraded national park distinction for Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park is a positive move in theory, lawmakers’ push for it has many Americans debating.

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

The push for a new national park has sparked debate online

While there’s broad bipartisan support and enthusiasm, some questions and concerns have been raised

Lawmakers have been considering making Ocmulgee Mounds into a national park for years and it has caused much debate online. Commenters on Reddit believe the site lacks the natural “wow factor” that parks in the western United States have.

They wrote:

  • “Unfortunately, the east side of the country just doesn’t have the wow factor that the western US does. We shouldn’t be making places national parks for that sake.” “I don’t really think that Ocmulgee is deserving of the NP title. For the same reasons why the Gateway Arch in St. Louis was never deserving of the NP title.”
  • “While Ocmulgee mounds are historical and worth a visit if in the area, [they] definitely should not be named a national park. [There are] already plenty of parks that shouldn’t be national parks, in my opinion. A national monument would be more fitting for Ocmulgee.”

However, commenters are divided. Others support the proposed designation upgrade, saying it reflects a broader appreciation for the diversity of American landscapes and that the park includes more land and ecological features than many realize.

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

They wrote:

  • “We need to move past the idea [that] national parks are only to protect the most visually stunning areas of the country, and see them as a celebration of all of the diverse landscapes our country contains. Why is a mountain more important than a prairie or a forest? There’s beauty and [an] important habitat there as well.”
  • “People are quick to say this doesn’t constitute a national park for its lack of natural amenities, but virtually nobody knows that the legislation in Congress includes the entirety of the Bond Swamp National Wildlife Refuge as part of the new park & preserve.”
  • “We need more national parks and protected spaces, and the NPS needs more funding. This is great!”

For now, lawmakers and the Ocmulgee National Park and Preserve Initiative will continue working alongside the Muscogee Nation to push the redesignation forward. Whether Congress and the public agree is still up in the air.

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

National park or not, Ocmulgee Mounds is more than worth a visit

Here’s why Ocmulgee Mounds is definitely worth a visit

National park or not, Ocmulgee Mounds is a remarkable destination well worth visiting due to its rich cultural and historical significance, extensive trails, and engaging visitor experiences. The site offers an immersive journey through over 12,000 years of Indigenous history including the unique reconstructed Earth Lodge with its original 1,000-year-old floor and the Great Temple Mound providing scenic views of the Ocmulgee River.

Visitors can explore more than 8 miles of walking and biking trails through lush forests and wetlands, interact with interpretive exhibits and a museum holding over two million artifacts, and participate in family-friendly activities like the Junior Ranger program and pottery classes. The visitor center is open daily from 9 am to 5 pm with free admission and ample amenities including a gift shop, restrooms, and informative ranger-led programs.

Whether it officially becomes a national park or remains a national historical park, Ocmulgee Mounds offers a deeply enriching outdoor and cultural experience that connects visitors to the Muscogee (Creek) Nation’s ancestral homeland and a profound Native American legacy.

Whether it gains the “National Park” designation or remains a “National Historical Park,” Ocmulgee Mounds stands as a vital and captivating place that deserves recognition and exploration. It’s a truly special site that tells a profound story of American history and the enduring legacy of its Indigenous peoples.

Worth Pondering…

Everything has its beauty but not everyone sees it.

—Confucius

Tubac Presidio State Historic Park: Where History Lives

Arizona’s oldest state park protects the site of the state’s oldest European settlement which is where Juan Bautista de Anza launched his expedition to establish San Francisco and where Arizona’s first newspaper was located.

Tubac has lived as many lives as the proverbial cat: Historians count nine times the community has seemed to die only to be resurrected. And the small Southern Arizona town was beginning its most recent revival—as a arts community—around the time Tubac Presidio State Historic Park was dedicated.

Arizona’s oldest state park protects the site of the state’s oldest European settlement where many notable events involving familiar names in Arizona history took place. Juan Bautista de Anza’s expedition to establish San Francisco departed from Tubac Presidio which was built in the wake of the 1751 O’odham revolt to protect Spanish colonists. 

Tubac Presidio State Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

In its days as the headquarters of Charles Poston’s mining company, Tubac housed Arizona’s first newspaper, The Weekly Arizonian, whose editor was involved in a famous duel. The highest peak in the nearby Santa Rita Mountains is named for William Wrightson who delivered the printing press to Tubac. He was killed by Apaches while surveying the Baca Float No. 3 land that centered on another sad chapter in the area’s history.

Today, all but a very small part of the original presidio lies underground. But the 11-acre park interprets its long history and includes the original press. Over the years, it has expanded to include the second-oldest schoolhouse in Arizona, a 1914 community center, and a mid-20th century adobe row house along with a museum, a gift shop, and access to the Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail.

And the park has proved as resilient as the community that surrounds it surviving the threat of closure three times. It’s now owned by Arizona State Parks and Trails but is managed by a nonprofit group. And under this arrangement, it’s experiencing a renaissance of its own.

Tubac Presidio State Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Celebrated as Arizona’s first state park, Tubac Presidio is technically its second. The first was Papago Park, part of which was transferred to the Arizona State Land Department when Congress abolished it as a national monument in the 1930s. At the time, Arizona didn’t have a state parks board. It wouldn’t until 1957, becoming the last of the 48 states in the union at that time to authorize one. But that wasn’t for lack of trying. 

In 1925, the Flagstaff Jaycees torpedoed a proposed state park at Mormon Lake claiming it would paralyze the timber industry. Beginning in the late 1930s, several bills were introduced to create a state parks board; all failed. With a small, rural population and an abundance of federal land, few people saw the need. Cattlemen, well represented in the state Legislature were particularly set against the idea. 

Public opinion began to change after World War II. But despite the governor’s support of a report recommending state parks bills introduced in the 1950s met the same fate. It took the creation of an advocacy organization a coordinated campaign and inviting members of the Arizona Cattle Growers’ Association to help draft the legislation to turn the tide. 

With restrictions ranchers favored, state parks legislation finally passed in 1957. And when Papago Park was transferred to the newly created board, it became Arizona’s first state park. But the board’s first order of business was to dispose of it, selling the state-owned land to Phoenix which had wanted it for years.

Tubac Presidio State Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Its next task was to acquire land for new state parks and advocates from around the state lobbied the board with proposals. None were more persuasive than Frank Griffin and his wife, Olga, who went by Gay. A retired engineer from Indiana, Frank had come to Arizona in 1956 for his health and settled in Tucson.

“They loved everything out here,” says Gwen Griffin who was 15 when her parents decided to move their family. “My dad was a history buff. And so, we were always going to museums or historic spots.” 

Frank wasn’t in Arizona long before he discovered Tubac then a nascent arts community and its rich history. The art school Dale Nichols had opened there in 1948 had lasted only a year but a small group of artists remained. In 1958, Arizona Highways described Tubac as “a very small village of about 75 people, a church, some crumbling adobe walls and a few houses.” Its streets were still desert sand.

Tubac seemed custom made for Frank, a history lover whose family included many artists. His first job had been at a newspaper and when he learned about The Weekly Arizonian he got the idea to revive it. 

In 1956, the Griffins built El Presidito as their base of operations designing the building to look like a presidio. Gay researched articles and did the typing becoming an early member of Arizona Press Women (now Arizona Professional Writers). And the Griffins felt passionately that Tubac Presidio should become Arizona’s first genuine state park.

The Griffins made their pitch to the new State Parks Board in November 1957 and on December 21 they offered it an early Christmas gift: the deed to three parcels that included the presidio site. Not long afterward, the board accepted. Local developer William Morrow, the owner of the Morrow’s Nut House chain, donated an adjacent property with an old adobe building that would serve as a temporary museum and the two donations became the core of the state park. Other parcels and buildings were added later.

Tubac Presidio State Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Fort Huachuca’s U.S. Army band played for a crowd of 2,000 at the park’s dedication on September 28, 1958. Governor Ernest McFarland called the park “hallowed ground” and predicted millions would come to know it as “the most historic spot in the Southwest.” Early plans to reconstruct the presidio quickly got shelved, however, and the park contained no facilities for tourists in its first months. Open only on Sundays, it didn’t become fully operational until 1961. Architect and former opera singer Paul Deno served as the park’s first curator.

“His job title was curator, not park manager, because there was almost no park to manage,” says Kathleen Vandervoet who is compiling the park’s administrative history. Nor was there much of a museum until a new visitor’s center was commissioned in 1961. Designed to look like historical drawings of the Tubac presidio, it was dedicated in February 1964. 

In 1970, the museum hosted its first Anza Days event to commemorate that expedition. Traditionally held in October to coincide with the week Anza left Tubac the celebration is now held on a single day in March when the park receives its highest visitation. It includes the Anza color guard—with riders in period clothing—along with games, new exhibits, and demonstrations.

Archaeologists excavated portions of the presidio in 1974 then filled in the site to preserve it but a small portion of the foundation is still visible in an underground exhibit where some of the site’s artifacts are displayed. 

Tubac Presidio State Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Despite the ambitious predictions, the park has struggled over the years facing closure in 1991, in 2002, and again in 2010 during the state budget crisis stemming from the Great Recession. To keep the park open the Tubac Historical Society took over operations of the park until 2013 when the nonprofit Friends of the Tubac Presidio and Museum was organized. 

Under the group’s stewardship the park has thrived hosting 80 to 100 events each year including a popular lecture series, festivals, and demonstrations of the original Washington printing press.

Worth Pondering…

A tree is known by its fruit; a man by his deeds. A good deed is never lost; he who sows courtesy reaps friendship, and he who plants kindness gathers love.

—Basil of Caesarea, Ancient Greek theologian (330-379)

On this Day in History, November 19, 1863: President Lincoln Delivers the Gettysburg Address

President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address, one of the most famous speeches in United States history at the dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery on this day in history, November 19, 1863

The Battle of Gettysburg was fought between July 1, 1863, and July 3, 1863. 

It was one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War with an excess of 51,000 soldiers killed, injured, or otherwise lost to action. Some 3,155 Union troops were killed while 3,903 Confederates died. 

The Union victory there marked the turning point of the war.

Lincoln delivered one of the most famous speeches in U.S. history on November 19, 1863.

Here are some articles on the Battle of Gettysburg:

Gettysburg National Military Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

The Gettysburg Address still resonates today

Why should we care about the Gettysburg Address?  Lincoln wasn’t the keynote speaker at the dedication of the National Cemetery on November 19, 1863. Edward Everett spoke for about two hours giving a narrative of the battle comparing the Union dead to the ancient Greek defenders of Marathon and attacking rebel claims that secession was legal.

Southerners argued that the federal government was an agent of the states so the states could leave the Union. Everett pointed out that the states’ Constitutional Officers took an oath to the U.S. Constitution and the federal government didn’t take an oath to the states. Lincoln later wrote to Everett “The point made against the theory of the general government being only an agency…I think, is one of the best arguments for national supremacy.”

Thousands attended the dedication; many came to listen to Edward Everett. Everett was a famous orator who gained renown when traveling the country in the 1850s giving a speech on “The Character of George Washington.” His speaking tour raised $70,000 to save Mount Vernon. One of Everett’s 129 speeches on Washington was at the Academy of Music in New York City. The 7,000 seats weren’t enough and angry overflow crowds burst in to hear Everett speak.

Gettysburg National Military Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Given Everett’s fame, he was a natural choice to speak at the dedication. The organizers also invited Henry Longfellow, the famous poet but he didn’t attend. The cemetery commission chose November 19 as the date because that was the first date Everett was available.

Once the date was set, David Wills of the cemetery commission sent a letter to Lincoln on November 2, 1863 asking Lincoln to attend and offer “a few appropriate remarks.” The organizers did not want a long speech from the President. Some worried he wasn’t up to the task of delivering such a solemn speech.

Lincoln wanted to attend but the pressures of the war and preparing his Annual Message to Congress threatened to keep him in Washington. It seems he only decided to go over the weekend of November 14 and 15 likely after meeting Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtin at the White House on the 14th.

Despite the last minute preparations, Lincoln later told his friend James Speed he’d written about half the speech before leaving Washington. One of the surviving drafts is written in ink on White House stationary. Lincoln edited it in Gettysburg adding another page but it’s likely he had the speech nearly finished when he left Washington.

The Nicolay Draft which is likely the draft Lincoln spoke from at the dedication is two pages. Page one is written in ink on White House stationary. Page two is written in pencil on plain paper. Lincoln likely wrote the second page of this draft in Gettysburg revising the speech almost until he delivered it.

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Lincoln wanted to see the battlefield. He especially wanted to see the spot where General John Reynolds, the battle’s highest ranking Union casualty died. Lincoln had offered Reynolds command of the Army of the Potomac in June of 1863. Reynolds declined and was killed leading his men into battle on McPherson Ridge on the first day of the battle. Lincoln and Secretary of State William Seward visited the spot near the Seminary early on November 19.

Lincoln’s speech was well received at the cemetery. Isaak Allen, a Lincoln supporter and future Consul to Hong Kong heard the speech. While not necessarily an impartial observer, Allen remembered standing next to a soldier, “the empty sleeve of his coat indicating that he had stood where death was reveling.” 

When Lincoln delivered the powerful line “The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here,” Allen remembered the soldier breaking down in tears. Allen then remembered the soldier looking up at the sky and exclaiming “God Almighty bless Abraham Lincoln!”

The Philadelphia Public Ledger reported “the short, modest, fitting address of the President of the United States produced tears at times and at times every other emotion as only the highest eloquence can.” Certainly Lincoln’s words didn’t get many compliments from the Democratic newspapers but the speech wasn’t a flop in 1863.

Gettysburg National Military Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Major Azor Nickerson who fought at Gettsyburg recalled decades later that the speech was “the whole matter in a nutshell.”  Later, Senator Charles Sumner shared a letter from Elizabeth Granville, the Duchess of Argyll. In it she said “the speech at the Gettysburg Cemetery must live.” Lincoln cherished the compliment saving a copy of the letter.

Lincoln did what he wanted to do at Gettysburg and he did it under very difficult circumstances. He balanced a delicate political situation, the demands of governing in wartime, and he likely already felt ill with smallpox. Lincoln felt tired and had a headache at Gettysburg. He was sick with smallpox. On returning to Washington, he was sick in bed for over a week. William Johnson, Lincoln’s assistant died of smallpox after the dedication.

The Gettysburg Address resonates because it honors the dead by speaking to the living. Lincoln challenged his audience to re-dedicate themselves to the war effort. He reminded his listeners of the lofty ideals in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution.

Lincoln’s speech calls on every generation to continue the work of previous generations. The nation the founders brought forth was not perfect. Neither was the union Lincoln’s generation saved. Lincoln calls on each generation to continue the work of previous generation and to honor those who have gone before by striving to form a more perfect union.

Gettysburg National Military Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

What follows is the 272-word transcript of the Gettysburg Address, according to several historical sources.

“Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Gettysburg National Military Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Less than two years later, Lincoln died in a first-floor bedroom at the Petersen Boarding House at 7:22 a.m. on April 15, 1865, the morning after he was shot by Johns Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. during a performance of “Our American Cousin.” 

In the moments after Lincoln took his last breath, friend Edward Stanton—also the country’s Secretary of War at that time—said, “Now he belongs to the ages.”

In the heart of the country, in Springfield, Illinois, on the edge of the city he called home, is the site of the Lincoln Tomb.

It is the final resting place of President Lincoln, his wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, and three of their children. 

Worth Pondering…

Genius is the ability to reduce the complicated to the simple.

—C.W. Ceran

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park: More Than 12,000 Years of Continuous Human Habitation

Imagine a place that has seen the human history of our continent from almost the very beginning—a place that has had continuous human habitation for 17,000 years. Imagine a place with sites that carry the story of the past and an ecosystem found nowhere else in the world.
This is Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park.

In the middle of Georgia, ancient mounds are the centerpiece of a preserve that protect one of the oldest and most important cultural sites in the Eastern United States. 

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park is also part of the original homeland of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation whose citizens were forcibly removed and forced to walk over 1,000 miles to Oklahoma. Today, the Muscogee (Creek) Nation is the fourth largest tribe in the country with more than 94,000 citizens. Many return to Ocmulgee on pilgrimages or homecomings each year including their current Chief David Hill. 

Ocmulgee is is home to 17,000 years of continuous human history. From 900 to 1100, the original inhabitants of this area maintained a thriving civilization. Mounds were sacred sites built by hand; the Muscogee people hauled at least 10 million baskets full of dirt and clay to build the sacred mounds. The mounds are surrounded by thousands of other cultural sites that remain largely unprotected.

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Ocmulgee was designated a national monument by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1934 but only 700 acres were protected. In 2019, Ocmulgee was upgraded to National Historic Park status. In 2022, the Ocmulgee National Park and Preserve Initiative (ONPPI) acquired new land for the park more than doubling its size to 1,700 acres. 

Now, advocates and community leaders are aiming for full-fledged national park status and expanding the park to 70,000 acres. The Muscogee (Creek) Nation has joined all efforts from the beginning of the process to create a park and aims to have an equal voice with all partners in the co-management of the final park. The Muscogee Nation has also purchased more than 100 acres of land adjacent to the current site that may soon become part of the national park.  

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

“A lot of healing is happening here,” says Tracie Revis, Muscogee citizen and director of advocacy for the Ocmulgee National Park and Preserve Initiative. Revis was Chief of Staff for the Muscogee (Creek) Nation Principal Chief Hill in Oklahoma. Last year with Chief Hill’s blessing, she made the difficult decision to move from Oklahoma to middle Georgia to focus all of her efforts on the Ocmulgee National Park and Preserve.

“This is an exciting moment for us. At Ocmulgee, it won’t be just the park service talking about artifacts. We get to tell our story.”

The National Park Service is slated to finish its three-year feasibility study soon. Congressional leaders in Georgia have already expressed support for Ocmulgee National Park and Preserve. Clark hopes that Georgia’s Congressional leaders will introduce a bill this spring.

“This is our moment,” says Revis. “There has never been a better time to make this happen.”

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Both Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland and National Park Service Director Chuck Sams are Native Americans who have expressed support for protecting Indigenous homelands. The Muscogee (Creek) Nation is already deeply committed to the park. Ocmulgee also has widespread support from local leaders and the Macon community. Even nearby Robins Air Force Base supports the park. 

Ocmulgee National Park and Preserve would be unique: it would consist of a patchwork of 70,000 acres along the Ocmulgee River that would be co-managed by multiple agencies and the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. Other national parks have consulted and included Native Americans as co-managers but never has a park east of the Mississippi been co-created by a Native American nation or tribe. Ocmulgee would be the first park in the East—and one of the only parks in the country—to be co-created and co-managed by Indigenous people.

Ocmulgee National Park and Preserve would include the Bond Swamp, a biological hotspot that is home to endangered species and a rare population of black bears in Middle Georgia. The 70,000-acre mosaic of lands would also protect the Ocmulgee River corridor and some of the best hunting and fishing sites in the South. Its dual designation as a national park and preserve would enable hunting to continue which is typically not allowed in national parks. 

Ocmulgee will ultimately be a hub for hundreds of miles of cultural and recreational trails across Middle Georgia and could eventually connect Ocmulgee with the Altamaha River corridor and public lands along Georgia’s coastal plain providing vital ecological and wildlife connectivity.

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Plans for Ocmulgee also include a Muscogee Creek Cultural Center that will be owned and operated by the Muscogee people. It will celebrate the traditions, dances, and songs that Muscogee survivors have kept alive for centuries.

Revis recalls hearing songs at funerals and a song that her grandmother used to sing to her. Those were songs that were sung by her ancestors on the Trail of Tears. More than 15,000 Indigenous people died along the way. But the survivors held on.

“We didn’t cease to exist,” says Revis. “We weren’t erased. We are survivors and this is a new day for us,” says Revis. “We are returning home.” 

Ocmulgee Mounds National Historic Park © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

Experience It for Yourself

Ocmulgee Mounds is already a National Historic Park open to the public. Each September, the park hosts an Ocmulgee Indian Celebration. In 2024, the 32nd annual Ocmulgee Indian Celebration will take place on September 14-15 from 10 am to 5 pm.

The celebration will feature traditional cultural crafts, storytelling, educational programs, live demonstrations, music, and dance. Native American arts and crafts vendors will be selling their crafts and food with be available for purchase.

Worth Pondering…

This is where it originally started. It’s our history; it’s who we are. So the fire that’s in your heart is also the fire that’s here.

—Muscogee (Creek) Nation Principal Chief David Hill

15 Fascinating Historic Sites in the American Southwest 

The American Southwest blends nature and history in a beautiful way. Coyotes, canyons, and brilliant sun-kissed rock formations mark the region’s desert terrain. It’s also home to hundreds of national parks and monuments including the Grand Canyon. While there are a number of places you will want to see on your trip, be sure to stop and check out these Historic Sites in the Southwest.

The stories of the American Southwest extend well beyond the history of the United States. From the Indigenous peoples who built cliffside castles to the Spanish explorers who established missions and the cowboys of the Wild West—the history of this region is incredibly diverse.

To learn more about what makes the Southwest so captivating, check out 15 of the region’s best historic sites and the fascinating stories behind them.

Montezuma Castle © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

1. Montezuma Castle, Camp Verde, Arizona

Embedded into the side of a sheer limestone cliff, Montezuma Castle dates back to around 1100 BC and was established as a national monument in 1906. The cliffside abode was named incorrectly by settlers who believed it to be of Aztec origin. In reality, the Sinagua peoples who inhabited the Verde Valley of Arizona for thousands of years, built and occupied the castle. Naturally warm in the winter and cool in the summer, the site of the cliff dwellings was chosen due to preexisting caves and nearby water resources; inhabitants used wooden ladders to move throughout the settlement’s five levels.

To see the historic monument, start at the Visitor Center before walking up to the base of Montezuma Castle on a 0.3-mile loop trail. Then, you can drive to Montezuma Well, a naturally occurring sinkhole and the site of more cliff dwellings. The land around the well was home to prehistoric groups of people approximately 1,000 years ago before being settled by Anglo-Americans in the late 19th century.

Check this out to learn more: Apartment House of the Ancients: Montezuma Castle National Monument

Montezuma Well © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

2. Four Corners Monument, Teec Nos Pos, Arizona

Located in Navajo Tribal Park, the Four Corners Monument is the only point in the country where four states meet. Marking the point where the Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah state lines coalesce, the historic landmark also marks the boundary between the Navajo Nation and Ute Mountain Tribe Reservation. 

However, the monument’s history goes further back than just statehood. During the Civil War, Congress created several new territories—including Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico—to discourage residents from joining the Confederacy. In 1861, Congress voted for a marker to be placed in the monument’s exact location to demonstrate the southwest corner of the Colorado territory.

Palace of the Governors © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

3. Palace of the Governors, Santa Fe, New Mexico

Dating to 1610, the Palace of the Governors is the oldest public building in the contiguous U.S. still in continuous use. For nearly three centuries, the building was home to a rotating roster of Spanish, Mexican, and American governors as control over the New Mexico territory shifted and changed. Additionally, the native Pueblo peoples took over the palace during the Pueblo Revolt of the 17th century while the Confederacy occupied it during the Civil War.

Today, the Palace of the Governors is part of the New Mexico History Museum with interpretive galleries displaying its history and a palatial courtyard that connects to the rest of the museum. For visitors to Santa Fe, the palace features a block-long portal where Native American vendors sell their artisan wares and crafts.

Plan your next trip to Santa Fe with these resources:

Whiskey Row © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

4. Whiskey Row, Prescott, Arizona

This legendary block in Arizona earned its moniker in the late 19th century when the street consisted of whiskey saloons favored by the local cowboys and miners. After a lit candle burned most of the downtown area in 1900, a group of locals famously rescued the actual bar from the Palace Saloon and began drinking their sorrows away. A year later, a new downtown was erected in a more fire-safe brick and the same bar was installed inside the new Palace Restaurant and Saloon.

Today, visitors can belly up at the historic bar or visit myriad other notable sites located on the city block. Rumored to be haunted by a lady in white, Hotel St. Michael has housed a number of famous guests over the past century including the likes of Teddy Roosevelt and Doc Holiday. And while galleries and shops now decorate the historic square, famed establishments like the Jersey Lilly Saloon still embody the historic spirit of Whiskey Row.

The Alamo © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

5. The Alamo, San Antonio, Texas

Before it became the site of perhaps the most infamous battle in the Southwest, the Alamo was known as the San Antonio de Valero Mission. In 1724, Spanish colonizers established the church to convert the area’s Native American peoples.

It wasn’t until the 1835 Texas Revolution that the former mission became a war fortress and battle site. Stationed in the Alamo in 1836, Texas revolutionaries fought against Mexico in the Battle of the Alamo, a bloody 13-day squirmish that resulted in the deaths of all the defenders. Although they lost the battle, Texas later won independence from Mexico and would eventually become an American state nine years later.

Today, the Alamo is open and free to visitors although reservations must be made in advance. With guided and self-guided tours available, the Alamo is also part of the San Antonio Missions Trail giving cyclists easy access to the city’s network of historic missions.

If you need ideas, check out:

Besh Ba Gowah © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

6. Besh Ba Gowah Archaeological Park and Museum, Globe, Arizona

One mile southwest of the City of Globe, Arizona, stand the remains of a large pueblo village constructed by the Salado culture who occupied the region between 1225 and 1450.

The pueblo is known today as Besh Ba Gowah, a term originally given by the Apache people to the early mining settlement of Globe. Roughly translated, the term means place of metal. 

The partially reconstructed pueblo structures along with the adjacent museum provide a fascinating glimpse at the lifestyle of the people who thrived in the ancient Southwest.

Besh-Ba-Gowah had about 400 rooms of these about 250 were ground floor rooms. Precise numbers are impossible due to modern destruction of sections. Entrance to the pueblo was via a long narrow ground level corridor covered by the second level. The corridor opened onto the main plaza. This may have had a defensive purpose.

Check this out to learn more: Exploring a Remarkable Pueblo: Besh Ba Gowah Archaeological Park

Mesa Verde © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

7. Mesa Verde National Park, Mancos, Colorado

Mesa Verde National Park’s cliff dwellings are just one wonder to be found at this national park in Colorado which also includes protected wilderness.

Located in Southwestern Colorado, Mesa Verde, Green Table in Spanish, National Park offers an unparalleled opportunity to see and experience a unique cultural and physical landscape. Including more than 4,000 known archeological sites dating back to A.D. 550, this national treasure protects the cliff dwellings and mesa top sites of pit houses, pueblos, masonry towers, and farming structures of the Ancestral Pueblo peoples who lived here for more than 700 years. This national park gives us a glimpse into the places and stories of America’s diverse cultural heritage.

The cliff dwellings are some of the most notable and best preserved sites in the United States. After living primarily on the mesa top for 600 years, the Ancestral Pueblo peoples began building structure under the overhanging cliffs of Mesa Verde—anything from one-room storage units to villages of over 150 rooms. Decades of excavation and analysis still leave many unanswered questions, but have shown us that the Ancient Pueblans were skillful survivors and artistic craftsmen.

By the way, I have a series of posts on Mesa Verde:

Canyon de Chelly © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

8. Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Chinle, Arizona

For nearly 5,000 years, people have lived in these canyons—longer than anyone has lived uninterrupted anywhere on the Colorado Plateau. In the place called Tsegi, their homes and images tell us their stories. Today, Dine’ families make their homes, raise livestock, and farm the lands in the canyons. A place like no other, the park and Navajo Nation work together to manage the land’s resources.

Canyon de Chelly sustains a living community of Navajo people who are connected to a landscape of great historical and spiritual significance—a landscape composed of places infused with collective memory. NPS works in partnership with the Navajo Nation to manage park resources and sustain the Navajo community.

Explore a 900-year old ancestral Pueblo Great House of over 400 masonry rooms. Look up and see the original timbers holding up the roof. Search for the fingerprints of ancient workers in the mortar. Listen for an echo of ritual drums in the reconstructed Great Kiva.

Here are some helpful resources:

Aztec Ruins © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

9. Aztec Ruins National Monument, Aztec, New Mexico

Aztec Ruins National Monument is the largest Ancestral Pueblo community in the Animas River Valley. In use for over 200 years, the site contains several multi-story buildings called great houses, each with a great kiva—a circular ceremonial chamber—as well as many smaller structures. Excavation of the West Ruin in the 1900s uncovered thousands of well-preserved artifacts that provide a glimpse into the life of Ancestral Pueblo people connecting people of the past with people and traditions of today. 

Read more: The Ultimate Guide to Aztec Ruins National Monument

Casa Grande Ruins © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

10. Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, Coolidge, Arizona

Casa Grande Ruins, the nation’s first archeological preserve, protects the Casa Grande and other archeological sites within its boundaries.

For over a thousand years, prehistoric farmers inhabited much of the present-day state of Arizona. When the first Europeans arrived, all that remained of this ancient culture were the ruins of villages, irrigation canals, and various artifacts. Among these ruins is the Casa Grande, or Big House, one of the largest and most mysterious prehistoric structures ever built in North America. See the Casa Grande and hear the story of the ancient ones the Akimel O’otham call the Hohokam, those who are gone.

Check this out to learn more: The Mystique of the Casa Grande Ruins

Petroglyph National Monument © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

11. Petroglyph National Monument, Albuquerque, New Mexico

Petroglyph National Monument protects one of the largest petroglyph sites and features volcanic rock carved by Native American and Spanish settlers.

Petroglyph National Monument protects a variety of cultural and natural resources including five volcanic cones, hundreds of archeological sites, and an estimated 25,000 images carved by native peoples and early Spanish settlers.

Many of the images are recognizable as animals, people, brands, and crosses; others are more complex. Their meaning, possibly, may have been understood only by the carver. These images are inseparable from the greater cultural landscape, from the spirits of the people who created them, and from all who appreciate them.

If you need ideas, check out: Adventure in Albuquerque: Petroglyph National Monument

12. Coronado Historic Site, Bernalillo, New Mexico

Home to the partially reconstructed ruins of the ancient Pueblos of Kuaua, this historic site dates back to 1300 DC. Inhabited by the ancestral Puebloans, Kuaua was the largest Pueblo complex in the region with roughly 1,200 ground-floor rooms and 10 to 20 large kivas. Each kiva (underground ceremonial room) is painted with layers of intricate murals revealing stories of the Pueblo peoples and representing some of the best examples of pre-Columbian art in the U.S.

Today, the village is known as the Coronado Historic Site named for Spanish explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado who discovered the village in 1540 during his search for the fabled Seven Cities of Gold. The Puebloans were gracious toward their guests at first although their hospitality eventually faded and Coronado and his troops moved on. History buffs can visit these reconstructed kivas to see the well-preserved murals, as well as walk the site’s interpretive trails, complete with views of the Sandia Mountains and the Rio Grande.

Hovenweep © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

13. Hovenweep National Monument, Utah and Colorado

Noted for its solitude and undeveloped, natural character, Hovenweep National Monument was once home to more than 2,500 people in 900 A.D. In 1923, Hovenweep was proclaimed by President Warren G. Harding a unit of the national park system. The name Hovenweep is a Paiute/Ute word meaning deserted valley.

A group of five well-preserved village ruins over a 20-mile radius of mesa tops and canyons, these ancient Pueblo ruins include towers that remind visitors of European castles. Straddling the Utah-Colorado border, the ruins were built about the same time as medieval fortresses.

The largest and most accessible of the six units of ruins is Square Tower where several well-preserved structures are located. The area was home for several prehistoric farming villages. Throughout the ruins, visitors may find castles, towers, check dams (for irrigation), cliff dwellings, pueblos, and houses. Petroglyphs (rock art) can also be found in the area.

Here are some helpful resources:

Tuzigoot Ruins © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

14. Tuzigoot National Monument, Arizona

The Southern Sinagua built a ridge-top pueblo at Tuzigoot around 1100 AD and continued to add new rooms until the 1400s. This pueblo housed about 50 people. The Sinagua would often use a large pueblo as a dwelling and community center surrounded by additional smaller dwellings and outbuildings connected to agriculture.

While the region has a mostly arid climate, the marsh and river provide a source of fresh water, wild game, fish, and turtles to the Sinagua. Although summers are hot, a very long growing season allowed for the organized cultivation of crops as a supplement to food taken from the marsh and the river.

Despite the comfortable natural setting, the Sinagua left the pueblo at Tuzigoot for unknown reasons around the year 1450. Possibly the valley became overcrowded and the Southern Sinagua moved to different locations or were absorbed by other tribes. When the Sinagua abandoned Tuzigoot, they left behind many artifacts, some of which are on display in the visitor center.

Today, much of the ruin at Tuzigoot has been reconstructed to provide a safe and stable environment for visitors; however, the main tower is mostly original and is open to the public. The pueblo is accessible as part of a short loop trail. An additional trail leads out to a viewing area overlooking the marsh that was so important to the Sinagua.

Read more: An Ancient Village on the Hill: How Life was Lived at Tuzigoot

Tumacacori © Rex Vogel, all rights reserved

15. Tumacácori National Historic Park, Tumacácori, Arizona

Tumacácori sits at a cultural crossroads in the Santa Cruz River valley and is where O’odham, Yaqui, and Apache people mixed with Europeans.

From his arrival in the Pimería Alta in 1687 until he died in 1711, Padre Kino established over twenty missions. The Jesuit missionaries administered them until the time of their expulsion in 1767. From 1768 until after Mexico got her independence in 1821 the missions were operated by the Franciscan missionaries. Some are still in use today while others have fallen into ruin.

Tumacácori National Historical Park in the upper Santa Cruz River Valley of southern Arizona is comprised of the abandoned ruins of three of these ancient Spanish colonial missions. San Jos de Tumacácori and Los Santos Angeles de Guevavi, established in 1691, are the two oldest missions in Arizona. San Cayetano de Calabazas, was established in 1756.

Check this out to learn more: Tumacácori National Historic Park: More Than Just Adobe, Plaster & Wood

Worth Pondering…

Certainly, travel is more than the seeing of sights; it is a change that goes on, deep and permanent, in the ideas of living.

—Miriam Beard